Traumatic diaphragmatic injury is not an uncommon consequence of blunt or penetrating trauma to the abdomen or thorax. It may present acutely with hemodynamic and respiratory compromise and may be associated with significant injuries to other organs. However, it can also be missed during the initial trauma evaluation and manifest later as a diaphragmatic hernia with severe complications [1].

In the Japanese anime Cells at Work!, anthropomorphized cells patrol blood channels, fight off invading germs, and keep the body in perfect operation. It gives a simpler but still interesting picture of how cells work together, protect themselves, and fix things to keep balance at the cellular level. The series is fun, and its point is straightforward: the body is a battleground of tiny complexity, and early detection and tailored response are key to survival.

Objectives: Delaying parenthood is prevalent among women in high-income countries, with the average age of childbirth being 30 in Europe. Factors like finding a compatible partner, education, and professional advancement contribute to this issue. Lack of knowledge about fertility potential and aging affect fertility. Understanding the age-related relationship is crucial for informed decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine how well-informed women were about the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies in treating infertility, as well as how aging affects fertility.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in infertility clinic at king Salman Bin Abdulaziz medical city with patients in in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. A validated questionnaire was used to interview the women. The total knowledge score (TKS) is the sum of two scores: knowledge and awareness of the effects of aging on fertility advanced maternal age, or (AMA) and pregnancy outcomes when using assisted reproductive technology (ART). The questionnaire also includes socio-demographic information. The availability of the data was enabled by women who answered a questionnaire and gave their informed consent.
Results: There were estimated to be 85 women (41.9%) in the age group ≤ 35. The women reported having been infertile for three to five years was (38.0%). Women who answered the questionnaire stated that ovulatory (29.1%), unexplained (22.2%), and male factors (12.3%) were the most common causes of infertility. Of the participants, 45.3% had completed their university education, while 43.4% reported making less than 5,000 SAR. Their doctors (26.6%) and the Internet/TV (25.1%) were their primary sources of fertility-related information. The (TKS) mean was 34.8%, the (AMA) was 39.0%, and the (ART) was 30.6%. Fertility knowledge was found to be low.
Conclusions: The study highlights a lack of information on aging's impact on fertility and the potential benefits of assisted technology. It suggests that women should have more knowledge about reproduction to prevent infertility and improve preconception health. Fertility health education should be integrated into health promotion programs, focusing on social media and healthcare settings.
Keywords: TKS; AMA; ART; Fertility; Age; Awareness

The oxidative stress present in inflammation, cellular damage, and the progression of a disease contributes to the factors of gynaecological disorders. The management of gynaecological disorders can be handled by the use of antioxidants. This article reviews advanced topics of antioxidants involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, ovarian cancer, menopause, and menopause related disorders. We highlight clinical evidence where institutional procedural treatment is effective in treating reproductive issues and these patients are responsive to symptom relief and treatment enhancement via antioxidants C and E, selenium, vitamins, and polyphenols. A discussion of antioxidants for menopause disorders synergized with conventional therapies and additional supplementation demonstrated an effective outcome related to dietary interventions focusing on personal health needs. Benefits of adopting an antioxidant strategy align with dosage, timing of intervention, and customizing for each unique patient to reduce perils and maximize value. Detailed analysis is prompted to develop appropriate approaches for prolonged exposure to antioxidants in gynaecological patients needing clearer revealing plans of treatment through rigorous investigation around these essential interventional strategies. Notably, these revealed indispensable methods finalizes that using antioxidants can help enhance other treatment solutions.
Keywords: Gynaecological disorders; Oxidative stress; Therapy; Antioxidants

The human brain is made up of a large network of nerve cells that communicate in complex ways. For many years, scientists have been trying to understand how it works. Recently, a big step forward has been made with Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). These systems can turn brain signals directly into actions, without needing muscles or movement. This is becoming a powerful tool in medicine, giving new hope to people with serious brain or nerve injuries.

Acute lower extremity nerve compression syndromes due to retroperitoneal haematomas within the psoas major and iliacus muscle compartments are increasingly common clinical entities. Historically these were rare clinical presentations associated with haemophilia & other bleeding diathesis [1]; however, the increased utilisation of anticoagulation and antiplatelet medications in clinical practice has contributed to a rising incidence of haemorrhagic complications [2]. Associated with this is an apparent increase in the incidence of retroperitoneal haematomas and consequent nerve injuries.
There is limited awareness of the neurological sequelae of retroperitoneal haematomas amongst clinicians, leading to delays in diagnosis and management observed within clinical practice [3, 4] which may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. This is further compounded by the lack of clear guidelines for diagnostic investigations, management and rehabilitation protocols [5]. Available literature is largely restricted to case reports and case series/reviews that are limited by both their heterogeneity and the use of non-uniform language.
This article aims to reflect the current state of knowledge around this clinical issue by reviewing the available scientific publications, alongside the authors’ clinical insights and reasoning in order to improve awareness amongst clinicians.

The ever-evolving landscape of oral implantology has witnessed remarkable advancements in surgical techniques, biomaterials, and prosthetic components. However, despite technological leaps, one persisting clinical challenge remains: ensuring a proper biological seal at the implant-abutment interface to minimize microbial leakage and consequent peri-implantitis. A relatively novel yet increasingly significant concept in this domain is the Sealing Socket Abutment (SSA)—a component that plays a pivotal role during the early healing phase post-extraction and implant placement, especially in immediate implant protocols.

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death for women overall and the leading cause of death for women diagnosed with gynaecological cancers. The majority of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which results in poor outcomes for this disease. The key early detection strategies include transvaginal ultrasound, a laboratory marker such as the cancer antigen-125 assay, and a detailed gynaecological evaluation; however, anti-angio genic bevacizumab and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have gained traction in the management of this gynaecological malignancy in the last ten years. After the initial treatment, a high rate of recurrence has been noted. The majority of these relapsed cases are known to have a higher rate of treatment failures and are less treatable. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative treatment methods based on a deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of this malignancy as well as efficient preventive and detection strategies. In addition to reviewing the epidemiology and risk factors of ovarian cancer, this article discusses some recent ongoing studies and emphasizes the evaluation and multidisciplinary approach in the care of this condition.
Keywords: Ovarian cancer; Pomegranate; Menopause; Tumor

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract, ranking tenth in terms of global cancer prevalence. Accurate diagnosis and staging are critical for determining the optimal treatment strategy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a key diagnostic tool, and the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) was introduced to standardize MRI interpretation and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the VI-RADS scale in distinguishing between muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and to explore opportunities for refining MRI protocols by incorporating advanced imaging techniques.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at the Federal Research and Clinical Center of the FMBA of Russia, involving 68 patients with suspected bladder cancer. All patients underwent pelvic MRI followed by en bloc transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder. VI-RADS scores were assigned based on MRI findings, and results were compared with histological examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to assess the performance of VI-RADS.
Results: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was confirmed in 42 out of 50 patients (84%) in the low-risk VI-RADS group (1-3), while muscle invasion was detected in 14 out of 18 patients (77.8%) in the high-risk group (4-5). The VI-RADS system demonstrated a sensitivity of 63.6%, specificity of 91.3%, PPV of 77.8%, and NPV of 84%, with an overall accuracy of 80.9%. Advanced imaging techniques, such as ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, improved diagnostic precision by reducing false-positive and false-negative results.
Conclusion: The VI-RADS system is a valuable tool for assessing bladder cancer invasion depth, with high specificity that aids in reducing unnecessary radical procedures. However, its moderate sensitivity underscores the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach. The integration of next-generation imaging modalities and molecular markers may further enhance staging accuracy and optimize treatment strategies for bladder cancer patients.

Over the past few decades, drug research programs have used a variety of computer models. Drug disposition modeling and simulation have emerged as essential tools in drug research, clinical study design, and regulatory assessment. Publications and regulatory filings related to physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling have increased significantly in recent years [1]. To provide a mechanistic representation of the drug in biological systems, PBPK models integrate data on the drug with separate previous knowledge on the biology and physiology at the organism level. This enables the a priori modeling of drug concentration–time profile.

Objective: To report a rare case of Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma Arising from a Non-Communicating Gastric Duplication Cyst (GDC) in a 25-year old pregnant patient diagnosed by routine Hematoxylin-Eosin and panel of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains. Clinical Feature: An incidental finding of a cystic mass measuring 21.0 cm in widest dimension located superior to the uterus and within the omentum was noted on her prenatal ultrasound at 32 weeks of AOG. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME. Exploratory laparotomy and excision done with intraoperative findings of mass closely adherent to the transverse colon and mesocolon, posterior to pancreas and first part of the duodenum with normal bilateral adnexa. Histopathologic findings of the mass show multiple cystic structures with gastric mucosa, well-circumscribed smooth muscle layer and ectopic pancreatic tissues. The malignant transformation shows undifferentiated neoplastic cells in tight clusters and immunohistochemical staining with Cytokeratin, CAM 5.2 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen shows positive reactivity. Ki-67 proliferation index is high with 30 – 40% positivity. No reactivity in the neoplastic cells with Smooth Muscle Actin, p63, Chromogranin, DOG-1, LCA, PLAP and S-100. Two weeks post-excision, patient’s condition deteriorated and eventually went to Cardiopulmonary Arrest secondary to Multiorgan Failure; Malignancy Stage IV. Clinico-radiologic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings is consistent with a Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma Arising from a Non-Communicating Gastric Duplication Cyst.
Conclusion: GDC is a rare malformation with malignant transformation arising from it is extremely rare. Non-specific clinical presentation may not lead to a prompt diagnosis, especially in the patient where symptoms was masked by pregnancy. A high index of suspicion coupled with radiologic, histopathology correlation, with the aid of immunohistochemistry is important for early diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords: Gastric Duplication Cyst; Malignant Transformation; Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma; Immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is a nonfunctional RNA located between structural ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) of a common precursor transcript. ITS sequence analysis provides species-level identification when routine testing is inadequate for optimal patient care. Studies in Nigeria have focused on the molecular characterization of Candida albicans and their resistance mechanisms, including ERG2 gene mutations. Clinical specimens were collected from various clinics and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. After molecular characterization using PCR and sequencing, the results showed that females (91.4%) predominated among the 221 subjects analyzed, with the highest prevalence in high vaginal swabs (33.5%). Antifungal drug resistance was highest in the 21-30 years age group, with females showing greater resistance (72.1%) compared to males (8.5%). Molecular studies showed 20.7% of females harbored the ERG gene, while no males did. Molecular characterization was more significant than phenotypic, as not all phenotypically confirmed isolates were C. albicans. The study highlighted the importance of ITS testing for prompt diagnosis.
Keywords: Internal transcribed spacer (ITS); Candida albicans; ERG 2; Molecular; Port Harcourt

This case report describes a rarity occurrence of dicephalic parapagus, dibrachia bipus conjoined twins in West African dwarf goats capra hircus neonates in Makurdi (Benue state), Middle Belt region of Nigeria. a condition previously undocumented in Nigeria. The twins shared a single body with two heads, attached laterally at the occipital-cervical region. This anomaly may be attributed to genetic, environmental, or nutritional factors. The occurrence of conjoined twins in production animals results in reduced productivity, emphasizing the need for veterinarians and farmers to report such cases for accurate analysis and identification of breed, and management practices. Breeding dams that have produced conjoined twins should be discouraged. This case highlights the importance of documenting and studying rare congenital anomalies in animals, providing valuable insights into developmental biology and veterinary medicine.
Keywords: Conjoined twins; Dibrachia bipus; Congenital anomaly; Capra hircus; Neonates

Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of mortality in children under five years of age, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although chest radiography is the standard diagnostic method, it has limitations such as radiation exposure and reduced sensitivity in certain cases. In this context, lung ultrasound has emerged as an effective, safe, and accessible diagnostic tool, This method allows for the identification of typical pneumonia signs such as consolidations and dynamic air bronchograms, with high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (93%), according to recent studies. Furthermore, its portability and ease of use make it suitable for clinical settings with limited resources. Thoracic ultrasound thus represents a valuable diagnostic alternative in pediatric care.

Aim: Visually impaired children often face numerous challenges in their everyday lives, one of which includes maintaining proper oral hygiene. This study aims to assess the oral health status of visually impaired students.
Objectives:
To assess the oral hygiene status of visually impaired students.
To raise awareness about oral hygiene through tactile and model-based education.
To compare oral hygiene status before and after a 6-month education period.
Methodology: A 6-month comparative study was conducted on 160 visually impaired students, aged 12-18 years, who were trained in Braille. The study utilized the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index and the OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) for evaluation. The data was collected at the beginning and after 6 months, followed by statistical analysis using paired t-tests.
Results: After 6 months of using Braille-based education, a significant improvement in OHI-S scores was observed (from 2.623 to 0.875). However, no significant changes were noted in the DMFT scores. Additionally, parents reported improved oral hygiene practices in their children.
Conclusion: Oral hygiene practices in visually impaired students significantly improved after the implementation of Braille-based oral hygiene education.
Keywords: Braille; DMFT; OHI-S; oral hygiene practice; visually impaired

Living things are called ”Creatures" because they "create" Movement to survive. Movement is essential in our life.
But four-legged animals have to live for now, because the position of the body's center of gravity is fixed. However, humans changed their two legs into hands, which allows them to change the position of their body's center of gravity as they wish. This enabled them to make it possible for them to think about the future.

In the recent decades, offshore oil and gas exploration is exploring deeper waters and more challenging environments. Drill-ship, fitted with sophisticated Dynamic Positioning Systems (DPS), helps in maintaining positional accuracy during drilling in deep waters. Many modifications were done in the conventional DPS which rely on GPS data, thrusters, gyroscopes, and wind sensors. Some of the drawbacks includes high energy consumption and complex failures due to its technical usage to rapid environmental changes, requiring a better configuration.
Biomimicry, helps in the design and production of systems, and structures using nature inspiration. This technique offers a promising idea for enhancing DPS capabilities. Marine/land organisms which inspires remarkable positioning and maneuvering strategies which are energy-efficient, adaptive, and robust. By focusing these nature inspired design, engineers can create solutions for many problems where DPS can be redesigned to respond intelligently to environmental disturbances.

This study aims to explore the microstructural and compositional evolution of Ti/Zr-based carbide composites fabricated via Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), focusing on the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) doping. Binary (Ti-C, Zr-C), ternary (Ti-Zr-C), and quaternary (Ti-Zr-C-Mo, Ti-Zr-C-W) systems were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of face-centered cubic (FCC) NaCl-type carbide phases and progressive solid solution formation upon dopant incorporation. SEM revealed that Mo doping promotes submicron grain refinement and full densification, while W doping induces the in situ formation of WC nanoparticles, enhancing matrix cohesion and hardness. EDS confirmed homogeneous elemental distributions and successful dopant integration without significant oxidation. The undoped Ti-Zr-C composite exhibited phase separation beneficial for crack deflection but showed grain size heterogeneity. Overall, Mo and W offer complementary mechanisms for improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Zr-based carbide composites. These findings provide a foundation for the design of next-generation ceramic materials tailored for cutting tools and ballistic protection applications.
Keywords: TiC-ZrC composites; Field Assisted Spark Plasma Sintering (FAST-SPS); Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); Nano-tungsten carbide (NWC); Finale microstructure; Mechanical properties; Ballistic performance

Regression models with an increasing number of unknown parameters and different and unknown values of variances of random errors of observations are considered. The specificity of such regression models is that there is no more than one response at each observation point, which does not allow estimation of the variances of random errors of observations. For the calculation of the l.s.e, the iteration process has been constructed. It is shown that the l.s.e are unbiased and consistent. Using these results, the approach for the construction of a confidence band for the unknown function in regression models is suggested.
Keywords: regression models with an increasing number of unknown parameters; least squares estimator; Gauss-Newton approach; iterative process

The growing adoption of cloud platforms, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), has introduced new complexities in aligning enterprise workloads with federal compliance frameworks. This paper presents a comparative analysis and practical alignment model that integrates these major cloud service providers with the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP), Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 199/200, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF), and the directives established by Executive Order 14110 on the safe, secure, and trustworthy use of Artificial Intelligence. The study develops a multi-dimensional control mapping methodology tailored to ensure technical interoperability, compliance readiness, and risk transparency. Through structured evaluation of service categories, native controls, and governance mechanisms, the paper delivers a unified compliance architecture designed to support secure and auditable cloud deployments in federally regulated environments. Findings contribute actionable insights for IT leaders, cloud architects, and policymakers by offering a scalable and standards-based roadmap for AI-driven cloud governance.
Keywords: cloud compliance; fedramp; fips 199; fips 200; nist ai rmf; executive order 14110; aws; azure; gcp; artificial intelligence governance; cloud security; risk management