The pigs used in these experiments were raised from the initial five pigs reserved as breeding stock in January 1969 from stock at the Arlington Farm, UW. They were challenged with 3% Halothane in O₂ and identified as MH susceptible whenever the rear legs became extended and appeared to be in rigor. The Halothane challenge was stopped and the animals spontaneously recovered and were raised for breeding stock. The two males and three females were raised in UW Swine Barn A under Leo’s supervision. Unfortunately, when they reached 225-240 lbs. in weight, they were hauled off to the UW slaughter house. Leo found them missing and called the slaughter house and recovered one male and two females that had not been slaughtered. We relocated the MH breeding stock to the UW Sheep Farm so there could not be any other possible confusion with other pigs in Swine Barn A. I moved the key MHS breeding animals to Sinclair Research Farm at MZZOU in 1973 when I relocated to MIZZOU for a new research position. Later in 1982, the entire stock of MHS susceptible breeding animals were moved to TTUHSC at El Paso, TX. They were housed on a pig farm near El Paso, TX.

Introduction: Intraocular medulloepithelioma is a rare, nonhereditary neoplasm of childhood arising from primitive medullary epithelium, often involving the ciliary body. It is a slow-growing tumour and most patients present between 2 and 10 years of age with loss of vision, pain, leukocoria and/or conjunctival congestion. It is difficult to estimate the true incidence of this tumour because of its rarity and paucity of large-scale population-based studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of histologically diagnosed primary malignant ocular medulloepithelioma in Nigeria.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 16-year-old female who presented with painful progressive left ocular swelling and visual deterioration of 8 years duration with associated redness and tearing. At presentation, a soft fleshy mass was seen protruding from the inferior aspect of the left eyeball, and enucleation of ocular contents was subsequently performed. Microscopic evaluation of the lesion showed distorted eye tissue with infiltration of the cornea, uveal tract and retina by malignant primitive neuroepithelial cells disposed in sheets, anastomosing cords and multiple classic Homer Wright rosettes with areas showing neuronal differentiation and marked nuclear atypia. The tumour also had a high mitotic index. The features seen were consistent with the diagnosis of a malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma. The patient had chemotherapy and radiotherapy and was subsequently discharged home for follow-up at the outpatient clinic.
Conclusion: Primary intraocular medulloepithelioma is a rare neoplasm occurring usually in the first decade of life. Before this, no case has been reported from Nigeria, especially in an adolescent female. The mainstay of treatment is surgery with chemo-radiation. This case also highlights the challenges involved in arriving at a definitive diagnosis.
Keywords: ciliary body; malignant medulloepithelioma

Lifestyle and environmental characteristics influence human well-being, and the individual equilibrium is easily affected when one or more components of them, in considerable amounts, outweigh others, deteriorating their balance, finally leading to more or less clinical expressive disorders, in line with genetics and other medical conditions.
Human activity, if adjusted to demographic characteristics, in a comfortable setting offers enjoyment and motivation for a guaranteed existence; the daily program well-organized in a friendly atmosphere ensures a healthy life. Inadequate conduct in day-to-day work, even in a suitable setting, can disrupt one’s functioning. It is essential to organize harmonized mental and physical activities to maintain equilibrium.
Young individuals are more enthusiastic, dynamic, and cheerful than seniors. They can control transitory intense physical and mental activity, but middle-aged people and seniors usually experience health deterioration in such conditions.

Dental occlusion is a neglected factor in dentistry. Oftentimes it is spoken about yet it is not comprehensively addressed by the dental profession. Why is its practical application not addressed? The occlusion is the coming together of the upper and lower jaws in harmony.
One reason for little attention is that a clinician can not see the occlusion. If you can not see then you can not treat. Dentists use older techniques to mark the occlusal contact areas of the teeth however they rarely obtain a complete oral picture making it easy to neglect essential problems. Occlusion is also an essential element for implant longevity. If the “bite” isn’t even then the bone attached implant health is jeopardized. Closing the jaws in harmony is an essential element for a long term life because choice of food coupled with chewing efficiency controls what we purchase and ingest. Nutritional supplements such as powdered foods are used as a substitute to masticating actual fruits and vegetables. Basically a sound occlusion is essential to food selection and digestion. There are no substitutions to properly functioning dentitions. Our health depends on it.

The atomic structure is presented on the basis of the theory of vortex gravitation. The feasibility and calculation of the values of the density and mass of electromagnetic particles are proposed. A calculation is made, which proves that the photon must have mass. In the calculations, some physical characteristics of electromagnetic particles that are accepted by modern physics are refuted.
Keywords: theory of vortex gravity; cosmology and cosmogony; Celestial mechanics

Especially new tendencies in the area of synthetic focus are dynamic in that they exchange the house of expression. Programs based totally on simulated brain are hastily turning into famous in areas such as technology, music, human expression, and science. A new close-up of Christie's Edmund portrait adjustments our modern-day appreciation of the science of synthetic talent and raises questions about the creativeness related with technology. Can craft be seen as resourceful?” Against this background, this lookup makes use of a range of AI functions and modifications the point of view on AI craft and the manufacturing cycle of AI craft to create synthetic intelligence. Show that it is achievable Innovative imagination.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence-generated art; computational creativity; machine learning

     Headache is a universal experience. It is one of the most common complaints in the field of medicine & neurology. The article deals with the issue of ‘headache’ in the field of medical science. It does not consider ‘Migraine’. It hampers the quality of life in all age sections as headaches have multiple reasons. Headaches are a part of everyone’s lives. Most headaches are usually harmless but in some cases they\can be harmful too. The article covers both harmful and harmless headaches that hamper the quality of life. Medical science has not been successful to elicit the cause of each headache and thereafter treatment plans are multiple in nature, confusing and a definite plan has not been deduced.
     Ancient references to headache, migraine & neuralgia can be found in the Ebers Papyrus (1200 BC). Evidence of trepanation of 9000 year old Neolithic skulls suggests the first headache treatment. Visual symptoms associated with the headache were described by Hippocrates who lived during 460-370 BC. The father of medicine from Greece on whose name the Hippocratic Oath is taken by the budding doctors across the globe was the first to scientifically elucidate headaches clinically through his observations. That is why Hippocrates is known as the first analytical epidemiologist. Aretaeus provided one of the earliest classifications of headache around 200 AD.
     The reader will get an idea of the problem of headache at the global & national level through the eyes of clinical health in the beginning sections before delving in to the Homoeopathic system of the AYUSH platform. Currently, the AYUSH platform has regained its value in the era of the current pandemic. The pandemic has further escalated the issue of headache, further precipitated by the increased stress levels. In the absence of effective therapy in the modern medicine, the article delves into what homoeopathy can offer to deal with headache issues that fulfil the triad criteria of essential medicines as per the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). The criteria is that these medicines need to be effective clinically, clinically safe and should be without side effects. Thus Homoeopathy is the leading therapeutic system that can deal with headaches and can cover masses while being cost effective [1-3, 17-19].
Brief of the article
     The current article looks into the aspects of headache during the life period out of which managing headaches is one of the main challenges.
     The article looks into the brief history of public health programs on headache issues in India & the emergence of headache as an issue. As headaches are a cross cutting problem among many health conditions, there is no specific public health program on headaches. However, there are programs like National Programme for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardio Vascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS) & National Mental Health Program (NMHP) that cover both the primary & secondary headaches. These health issues that cover both mental and physical aspects are triggering factors for headaches.
     The article now moves on to the current situation of headaches in India & the role of Homoeopathy to deal with these headache disorders therapeutically as a component of Ministry of AYUSH. The article suggests the integration of medical pluralism in headache therapy through inclusion of Homoeopathy in the gamete of physical and mental health conditions that are related to headaches.
     As each & every drug in Homoeopathy is only proved on human beings, all the drugs have a mental component as it is only human beings who can express their physical & mental symptoms during proving of the drugs as per the guidelines set by the Homoeopathic Research Councils (HRC) of each nation. In India, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, an autonomous body under the ministry of AYUSH lays out such guidelines.
     The article gains more relevance during the current COVID 19 pandemic which has precipitated the stress levels of population since March 2020 and most of the adults are more prone to headache disorders during their life stage besides finding it difficult to manage these headaches [14, 15, 18, 19].
Keywords: Headache; Homoeopathic Materia Medica; Constitutional medicine; Nosode; Bach Flower Remedy; Bowel Nosode; Miasms

Prediction of postoperative complications, which determine the result and consequences, is an important element in the choice of treatment tactics for acute peritonitis management what makes it possible to apply preventive measures. Many methods which are based on taking into account various indicators have been proposed for this. However, none of these methods have sufficient recognition. The most famous and recognized scales are PIPAS [1], WSES Sepsis Severity Score [2], Mannheim Peritonitis Index [3], Peritonitis Index Altona [4], Combined Peritonitis Score [5]. These scales assess only the degree of organ dysfunction, the severity of AP and the possibility of patient’s death. But these scales do not assess the risk of certain complications.

Obesity is a global health challenge with few pharmacologic options. Whether adults with obesity can achieve weight loss with once weekly Semaglutide at a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention has not been confirmed. Method: This is a clinical case report of a 29-year-old female, who tried weekly Semaglutide with lifestyle intervention. We conducted a baseline mental and physical health, and we did a biweekly follow up with her. This was over 6 months period starting from September 2022 until March 2023. Consent: Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient. Results: Our participant was able to lose 16.3 % of her body weight in 6 months, dropping her body weight from 74.3 kilograms to 61.2 kilograms, with a decrease in her body mass index from 29.3 to 23.9. With a significant improvement in mental and physical health, particularly, an improvement in her depression, generalized anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: In participants with overweight or obesity, 0.5-1.0 mg of Semaglutide once weekly plus lifestyle intervention was associated with sustained, clinically relevant reduction in body weight.
Keywords: Obesity; Semaglutide; weight loss

Among the developing countries of the world India has made its own identity in the health care department or in the pharmaceutical department. Currently India is considered to be a world of pharmacy of generic medicines. Generic drugs are those drugs which are same as the branded one. This is mandatory that generic drugs only manufactures after expiry of innovative drug’s patent. Generics have an important role to play in public health as they are well known for their affordable prices. After expiry of the patent it is open to manufacture and marketing generic by everyone. According to WHO there is no precise legal definition for widely available worldwide, generic drugs play an efficient role in pharmaceutical expenditures. Generic medicines stay in trend because these are available on a reasonable price in the market which is easy to grab for the Indian market. The healthcare system of India offer generic drugs 20-90% cheaper than original branded drugs. Objective of this study is to provide a high description of what generic drugs are and how these drugs are different from branded or innovative drugs, and what the regulatory and legislative levels of generic drugs are, here we initiate the study from the historical and current regulation of the generic medicines.

Since Confined Quantum Field Theory is the extension of the special and general relativity, people may think this is a concern for the people working on astrophysics black hole and so on. But on the contrary its simplicity makes it useable on the everyday modern engineering. All from electrical resistivity to the super conductivity and thermoelectric effect to the crystal growth. In thermoelectric effect we show why two metals must join together and not smelt together to preserve the crystal structure in the both side of the junction. This theory shows how impurities and defect affects performance of the electronic devices in different temperature. Recently in the Crystal Growth and Reproductive Entities article we showed how a bigger crystal eats up a smaller one and the theory was approved by recent experiment.

Crystal Growth and Reproductive Entities play a more important role in modern technology and in medical physics.

We will use Confined Quantum Field Theory in Crystal Growth and Reproductive Entities which will give us a more fundamental perspective.

Toxic megacolon is defined as an acute non-obstructive inflammatory condition with dilatation of the bowel causing septicemia and peritonitis. The cut off point for the bowel dilatation is taken as 6cm and above with loss of haustration on imaging. The exact cause of toxic megacolon is still debatable but several postulations have been laid down. The etiology of toxic megacolon can be divided into several factors such as inflammatory, autoimmune, tumors and others. Toxic megacolon carries a high morbidity and mortality with delayed interventions. The incidence increases with age with male preponderance.

Liver involvement in Hodgkin's lymphoma is common and is caused by hepatic infiltration, biliary obstruction by lymphoma, hepatitis, sepsis or complications of chemotherapeutic treatment. Jaundice caused by the vanishing bile duct syndrome related to Hodgkin's lymphoma is very rare. The mechanism is poorly understood but a paraneoplastic effect seems most likely as liver biopsy and imaging study the absence of lymphoma cells in liver. We describe a 13-year-old man with vanishing bile duct syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma who was treated successfully with chemotherapy. The markedly elevated serum Bilirubin levels completely normalized. Our case demonstrates that although dosing of chemotherapy in this situation can be very difficult, a good clinical outcome is possible, which makes the attempt at curative treatment worthwhile.
Keywords: Hodgkin’s lymphoma; jaundice; vanishing bile duct

Yoga is the science and art of living healthily. Yoga seeks inner perfection as it helps unite the body, mind, and spirit, creating amazing life harmony. Yoga can improve health and happiness in many ways. Yoga is one of many strategies to live a healthy and peaceful life, but it may be most effective when combined with a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and great relationships. This practice is suitable for many religions, races, and nationalities because it emphasises overall wellness in the individual and community.
Keywords: Yoga; healthy; body; mind; peaceful life

Dental occlusion refers to closure which is assumed to be uneventful. But most closure is uneven because there are many facets on the teeth that may not coincide with one another so that a malocclusion develops. A disharmony can become harmonious by self adjustment which may be natural or the opposing jaws may never reach a harmonious state. It is up to the dentist to reach that decision however many do not look for disharmonies because there are few measuring systems to assess occlusal pathology. Often the pathology is an attempt by a patient to self adjust by grinding and gnashing their teeth. They never reach an occlusal harmony. That is the responsibility of the dental clinician but if the dentist does not see nor measure the disparities in the occlusal dynamic then the pathology remains and the oral health declines over time. Dentistry as a profession needs more education on the occlusion and better ways to assess the biting pathologies that exist in most people. An often used analogy is to a smooth running auto mobile where the wheels are properly balanced and aligned. First the teeth and then the jaws. It is worth a “look”.

Diseases are the result of a complex interaction of physical, biological, and economic variables. The term "disease association" refers to the occurrence of two diseases more frequently than would be predicted by chance. To put it another way, diseases are said to be linked when they occur more frequently than one could predict by coincidence. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the disease association with correlation coefficient in the study region. Total of 115 villages are chosen and 23 villages from the list of ITDP villages have randomly chosen for sampling survey. By using a probability proportional size of the various tribes, a total of 10 households (HHs) from each chosen village have been covered. For all disorders, the correlation co-efficient value computed is 0.019. As a result; they have a strong relationship with one another. Gastroenteritis, typhoid, dysentery, and amoebiasis are closely linked to nutritional deficiency diseases such as anaemia and malnutrition.
Keywords: disease association; ranking; co-efficient; correlation; morbidity

Introduction: An athlete's life revolves around their sport. Retirement from sports is a unique transition that influences significant identity, body, and lifestyle changes [1]. While competitive athletes exceed recommendations for physical activity, this only translates into regular physical activity after retirement from sports. Research suggests the nature of competitive sports participation may need to be more conducive to lifelong physical activity [2] Falling out from sports and physical activity leads the body into deconditioning. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Pilates in improving speed, agility and back extensor endurance in a deconditioned athlete.
Materials and Methods: The clinical setup for the case study was arranged at VAPMS College of Physiotherapy in Visakhapatnam. The pre and post-tests were performed on the premises of the institution. The subject is a male athlete, a middle-distance runner. The subject received Pilates training four sessions/week for eight weeks for 40 minutes. Speed, Agility and Back extensor endurance were assessed with the outcome measures 20-meter sprint, Illinois agility test and Biering Sorensen test.
Results: Results obtained from the present case study indicate that eight weeks of Mat Pilates improved speed, agility and back extensor endurance. Based on this study, there is a difference in the values recorded pre and post-Pilates training. Two trials were performed for each outcome measure, and the better of the two trials was considered.
Conclusion: The results from the present case study concluded that the Mat Pilates exercise training is effective in the improvement and enhancement of the speed, Agility and back extensor endurance of the athlete. Overall, it shows that an athlete's re-conditioning is possible with Pilates training.
Keywords: Pilates training; speed; Agility; back extensor endurance

In an era marked by rapid transformation and shifting priorities, the need for strategic adaptation has never been more critical. Recent findings emphasize the challenges faced by the German healthcare sector in maintaining public approval. With the healthcare landscape evolving, the industry is increasingly recognizing the importance of user-centered design. This article delves into the pivotal role that prototyping and testing, as integral components of user-centered design, can play in revolutionizing the healthcare domain. It explores how these methods can address the unique considerations of healthcare and highlights their potential benefits and challenges.
Moreover, as digital services reshape the German healthcare industry daily, the landscape is characterized by shorter planning cycles, global competition, and stricter regulatory requirements. In this dynamic environment, traditional project management approaches often struggle to keep pace. This article underscores the transformative power of Agile Project Management, a methodology that has redefined how projects and companies operate. Agile principles, known for their adaptability and value-driven focus, are examined in the context of 21st-century demands, shedding light on how they enhance project outcomes and drive organizational success.
Additionally, the article explores the Agile mindset and its alignment with methodologies like Design Thinking, Scrum, and Objectives and Key Results (OKR). The Agile mindset champions customer collaboration, welcomes change as an opportunity, and emphasizes delivering value promptly. It operates on principles such as customer-centricity, iterative development, continuous feedback, flexibility, adaptability, transparency, and collaboration.
In conclusion, prototyping emerges as a central theme, described as the art of transforming ideas into testable realities. It's defined as the process of creating preliminary versions of products or systems to visualize, evaluate, and refine their design and functionality. The article emphasizes the significance of choosing the right fidelity level for prototypes based on project goals and stages, promoting early exploration and iterative refinement throughout the design process.
Keywords: agile; prototyping; healthcare

Chandigarh is a well planned city and one of the modern cities of India. The city is having spacious roads, lush green gardens, good network of Sewerage and Storm water system. The city also owns a well designed Water supply system. Due to the importance of the city, people all across the country has been settled and enjoy facilities of International level. Chandigarh is the only city which earns its 70% of the revenue helping the govt. to plan its funds in darker zones. This level of service has been achieved by the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh by increasing the reliability of the mechanism involved in water supply from the source to disposal of the water. The optimization of the system also has features like 24 Hrs. Water supply in some sectors, 3 times regular supply in routine to all the sectors, villages and slum colonies. The system include pumping the water from Kajauli Water Works (On Bhakhra Canal), Distt. Ropar, Punjab to Sector 39 Chandigarh, Treatment of water, distribution, metering, disposal and further treating the sewage for recycling purpose. This paper reflects the application of “DFR” in Water Supply System of Chandigarh.

The present work, explores from the nature of Civil Law and the source theory of legal obligation, towards the evolution of development of Smarts Contracts and Blockchain Technology in the implementation of a system of RC20 and RC21 token issuing machine, with fiduciary support as a mechanism of legal security in order to propose a model of potentialization of destinations with high tourism demand in developing countries, within the framework of design, implementation and commissioning of the destination Hotel Aiden by Best Western Quito DM, Republic of Ecuador City and Beach.
Keyworks: Smart Constracts; Smart Tourism; Tokenization; Blockchain; contractware

The objective of this paper is to share the details related to the standard Delivery Attempt Verification Techniques for accurately determining if the Delivery Attempt made by the Delivery Rider is valid or not against the Order or Parcel ordered Online by the Customer through Shipper E-commerce Site. The Researchers who are working on this research area are using ‘Qualitative Research.’ The Data for the research was taken from the Delivery Mobile Applications, Blogs, social media, and E-commerce Sites, and then it was presented descriptively. The study in this paper tells us that the formation of the Standard Regulation will improve the visibility of Delivery Attempts made on the logistics operations. In Order to achieve it, several steps need to be taken for the successful implementation of the Regulation. This paper will only be limited to the extent to which the challenge currently facing is clearly described, then suggest possible solutions like Live Tracking, Lat-long Capture, Delivery Code, Verification Calls or SMS, etc., for resolving it and how it will work, and finally, what positive impact the solution will have on the Customer and the logistics sector.
Keywords: First Mile; Mid Mile; Last Mile; Logistics; E-Commerce; COD (Cash on Delivery)

Objective: To determine and analyze the frequency of fetal growth restriction (FGR-syndrome) in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders as a variant of perinatal complication.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the delivery histories of 2735 women with singleton pregnancies at the regional perinatal center in 2020 was conducted, including 2680 live births (97.9%) and 55 stillbirths (2.21%). Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were present in 272 women (9.95%). FGR-syndrome in women with hypertensive disorders was detected in 130 cases (47.8%), while in normotensive courses of pregnancies it was 28.2% (680 children from the total number).
Results: A detailed analysis of pregnancy course in 42 women with hypertensive disorders and FGR revealed that gestational hypertension was present in 6 (14.3%), chronic arterial hypertension in 6 (14.3%), and preeclampsia in 30 (71.4%). A high percentage of preterm deliveries occurred in women with hypertensive disorders - 22 (52.38%). The degree of prematurity of newborns according to gestational age was: I - 18 (81.82%), II - 2 (9.09%), III – 0, IV - 2 (9.09%). The number of low birth weight infants for gestational age was 28 (66.67%), and varitable FGR-syndrome of grade 1 (below the 10th percentile) was present in 6 (14.29%) infants, and grade 2 in 8 (19.05%) infants.
Discussion: According to the obtained data on the mass-growth parameters of newborns and analysis using the T. Fenton table (2013), it was established that true FGR-syndrome in women with hypertensive disorders was detected in 33.33% of cases, while in 66.67% there were low-weight babies for their gestational age.
Conclusions: Based on a retrospective study of the course of pregnancy and childbirth, it has been established that women with hypertensive disorders are a high-risk group for adverse perinatal outcomes and the birth of children with congenital anomalies. It is advisable to further analyze and organize possible methods of comprehensive diagnosis of changes in peripheral vascular resistance in the cardiovascular system of the mother and fetus in hypertensive disorders in order to prevent the aforementioned complications.

Background: Vacuum suction drainage is an obligatory practice following mastectomy for breast cancer. recent studies showing that the pressure of the vacuum suction drainage is of value in determining the volume of seroma formation and thereby the drain indwelling time, duration of hospital stays and patient morbidity. Half vacuum suction may be of greater value in this regard comparing full vacuum suction drainage.
Objectives: To assess and compare the clinical outcome of half versus full vacuum suction drainage following modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer.
Methods: Forty patients of histologically proven breast cancer had been chosen purposively and systematically randomized in two equal groups. Group A with half vacuum suction (device was squeezed up to half of its vertical length) and Group B with full vacuum suction (device was squeezed to its maximum). The outcome measured were postoperative drainage, drain indwelling time and post-surgery length of hospital stay.
Results: Patients having half vacuum suction had a significantly reduced mean total drainage volume (364.25 ± 128.52 ml versus 822.00 ± 251.30 ml), drain indwelling time (5.50 ± 1.32 days versus 9.05 ± 1.90 days) and post-surgery hospital stay (7.15 ± 2.58 days versus 10.25 ± 2.55 days) in comparison to the full vacuum suction group.
Conclusion: low vacuum suction drain ensures a lower drain collection and were removed earlier and hence reduced the length of hospital stay significantly than high vacuum suction drains.
Keywords: Breast cancer; modified radical mastectomy; vacuum suction drainage; seroma; Drain Indwelling Time (DIT); Length of Hospital Stay (LOS)

     Surgery is an ever developing and changing subject. Minimal assess surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery are evolving very quickly.
     Day by day, more techniques, more materials, new concepts, and updated guidelines are introduced.
     For a surgeon, diagnosis, decision making, pre-operative optimization, intraoperative care, operation and post-operative care are all very important in the patients’ journey. Patient safety and rapid recovery are the goals of the surgical care.
     For the patient safety, regular audits like mortality review, morbidity review, debriefing after patient care, training, etc. are all needed to improve.
     Trainees need not only principles and practice of surgery, and surgical skills but also non-technical skills to develop efficiently. International collaboration and co-operation are essential for the development of the surgical care.
     Continued medical education, mentoring, competency-based surgical training and non-technical skills for surgeons are being carried out in various forms.
     Surgical teams must be more productive, organized and upgraded.

     Pharmakeia a false hope and deception of false peace, false healing, and a false future.
     “The Armenian genocide was not a mistake; Holodomor was not a mistake; the Final Solution was not a mistake; the Killing Fields was not a mistake; the Great Leap Forward was not a mistake. Name your genocide it was not a mistake - that in includes the Great Democide of the 2020’s, to imply otherwise is to give “them” the out they are seeking.

As we navigate the challenges of the 21st century, engineers stand at the forefront of innovation and progress. Their work not only shapes our daily lives but also holds the key to a sustainable and prosperous future. One such field of engineering is Biomedical engineering. It is a dynamic and rapidly advancing field, sitting at the captivating crossroads of medicine, biology, and engineering. These dedicated professionals serve as the vanguards of healthcare innovation, leveraging their deep knowledge of engineering, biology, and medicine to bring about groundbreaking advancements that not only enhance patient outcomes but also revolutionize our entire approach to healthcare challenges. Its primary mission is to elevate healthcare standards, enhance patients' quality of life, and, most importantly, save lives. This remarkable discipline achieves these goals through the ingenious application of cutting-edge technology and profound scientific insights.

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is rapidly expanding worldwide, with successful clinical applications in orthopedic disease analysis and multidisciplinary practice. Computer vision-assisted image analysis has several U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved uses. Recent techniques with emerging clinical utility include whole blood multicancer detection from deep sequencing, virtual biopsies, and natural language processing to infer health trajectories from medical notes. Advanced clinical decision support systems that combine genomics and clinomics are also gaining popularity. Machine/deep learning devices have proliferated, especially for data mining and image analysis, but pose significant challenges to the utility of AI in clinical applications. Legal and ethical questions inevitably arise. This paper proposes a training bias model and training principles to address potential harm to patients and adverse effects on society caused by AI.

This study aimed at investigating the role of social facilitation on performance. This study was done on 28 university students at Psychology department Karachi University. A test was conducted through Speed and Accuracy Cancellation Sheet individually and within a group. The result for this study was a mean average of 50.036 when working alone whereas 46.714 when working in group. It was found that the effect of social facilitation on performances was false. There can be different reasons/factors that can affect social facilitation, which can be fear of audience evaluation, opposite gender audience, bad mood, an inner drive for performance or distraction/ conflict within oneself. Even when performing a seemingly simple task, fear of public shame can be a reason for harmful social facilitation of performance. A drop in performance is just one of the potential adverse outcomes of extreme fear.
Keywords: Social Facilitation; Speed and Accuracy; Performance

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma is derived from parafollicular C-cells that normally secretes peptide hormones such as calcitonin, serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptides and thus it is widely accepted as a neuroendocrine tumor. MTC usually has a good prognosis with a 10 years survival rate of approximately 95.6% in cases restricted to the thyroid gland, but reduces to 40% for those presenting with metastasis. Surgery is considered the primary and best modality of treatment in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Here we present a case of a successful surgical management of a 38 year old female patient of sporadic, medullary thyroid carcinoma with sub sternal extension of the disease.
Keywords: MTC; Sporadic; Total Thyroidectomy; Sub-Sternal Extension

Organ transplantation is a milestone development in holistic medical services. An organ failure person can feel the misery of life in every moment. In that time a kind hearted angel of earth has devoted a well functioning organ to love ones by keeping risk in own life. The bridging of that super work between patient and donor is accomplished by a team of dedicated health care group of workers.
Liver is most rapidly regenerating organ and works in multiple ways. Transplantation of Liver is not only a focused work but also fine co-ordination of larger group of medical workers and lead by transplant surgeon who is actual hero of our society.

A study was carried out to find out the existing knowledge of students and to develop, implement and evaluate for nursing students about knowledge about safety measure and prevention of covid-19 among nursing students. In the present study non-experimental design was used. The study was conducted at V3 College of nursing at Rudrapur. 100 Nursing students were selected as sample by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected in 2 parts; part A includes the questions regarding their demographic characteristics and part B the knowledge questionnaire regarding safety measures and prevention of covid-19.1 Section A: description of sample in term of demographic variables. Section B: - it includes 34 questionnaires which are divided into 3 parts Introduction, Safety measures and Prevention.
The study shows that out of 100 samples most of the nursing students (63%) was having moderate knowledge, (36%) students were having inadequate knowledge and (1%) has adequate knowledge. It was revealed that majority of the students (54%) were belonged to the age group of 18-20 Years followed by (42%) age group of 21-23 years and (4%) students were from age group above 24 years. Maximum numbers of students (85%) were females and (15%) students were male. Maximum numbers of students (54%) were belonged to non- medical family background and (46%) students were belonged to medical family background. Majority that is (95%) had previous information about safety measures and prevention of covid-19 while only (5%) do not have previous information about safety measures and prevention of covid-19. Source of information like majority of information was found from television that is (37%), social media that is (35%), other source of information that is (20%) and newspaper that is (8%).
In demographic variables we found that the mean value of Age is 20.5 with SD=1.72, in Gender mean value of male was found 0.15 with SD=1.48 and mean value of female was found 0.85 with SD=8.41, in educational status for B.Sc. nursing mean value is 0.64 with SD=6.33 and mean value for GNM was found 0.36 with SD=3.56, In family income the mean value was 33.33 with SD=18.19, in medical family background the mean value was found 0.46 with SD=4.55 and in non-medical family background the mean value was found 0.54 with SD=5.34, in previous knowledge about covid-19 if yes the mean value was found 0.95 with SD=9.40 and if No the mean value was found 0.05 with SD=0.48 and source of information the mean value was found for newspaper 0.08 with SD=0.78, for television the mean value was found 0.37 with SD=3.66, for social media the mean value was found 0.35 with SD=3.46 and any other the mean value was found 0.2 with SD=1.97.
The chi square analysis was carried out to determine the association between knowledge level and demographic variables. It was evident from result that nursing students were influenced by their Gender, Family income, Family background, previous information about safety measures and prevention of covid-19, and source of information. Here the H1 was accepted for association of knowledge level with variables Gender, Family income, Family background, previous information about safety measures previous and prevention of covid-19 and source of information. By using inferential statistics knowledge level of students were associated with their selected demographical characteristics. In gender the chi square value was found(p=0.271) which is less than the table value at(p=5.99), in family income the chi square value was found(p=4.93) which is less than the table value at(p=9.49), in family background the chi square value was found (p=2.989) which is less than the table value (p=5.99) and previous knowledge about the safety measures and prevention of covid-19 the chi square value was found (p= 0.101) which is less than the table value at ( p=5.99), If yes, source of information the chi value was found (p=7.685) which is less than the table value (p=12.59) at the 0.05 level of significant which clearly indicated that there is association between the these above demographical variables and knowledge of students.
However, demographical variables such as age, and educational status were found to be non-significant. According to age chi square value was found (p=30.59) which is more than the table value (p=9.49), which is clearly indicate that there is no association between the age and knowledge of student. In education status the chi square value was found (p=9.5835) which is more than the table value (p=5.99) which is clearly indicated that there is no association between these demographic variables and knowledge of students.
On the basis of present study, the researcher concluded that most of the nursing students had moderate knowledge about safety measures andprevention of covid-19. Researcher assessed the knowledge about safety measures and prevention of covid-19 to prevent suffering from covid-19. Researcher also open-up new pathway for future studies on the topic for more generalization. This concluded that the how many students are aware about safety measures and prevention of covid-19.
Keywords: covid-19; safety measures; prevention; knowledge; students

Introduction: Bell's palsy is a unilateral weakness or paralysis of the face due to acute peripheral facial nerve dysfunction with no identifiable cause. Peripheral facial palsy is the most frequent cranial neuropathy and can originate from various kinds of damage to the VII cranial nerve. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on facial disability in rehabilitation of Bell’s palsy. It also analyses the effectiveness of hold -relax technique between the two experimental groups.
Materials and Methods: This comparative study setup is at VAPMS College of Physiotherapy and KGH Visakhapatnam. A study sample of 20 subjects was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects are randomly allocated into two groups through random sampling method, an experimental group-1(n=10) received electrical stimulation and facial exercises, and experimental group-2(n=10) received PNF (hold-relax) technique and electrical stimulation for three weeks (12sessions) for 30-40minutes. The subjects' assessment is done using outcome measures of Sunny Brook Facial Grading Scale.
Results: The results show that there is no significant difference between the groups means value of Experimental Group 1 is 57.60, the mean value of experimental group 2 is 60.80, the p-value is 0.2915, and the t-value is 1.0866, which is not statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study concludes that improvement was seen in both groups. PNF with electrical stimulation is slightly more effective than conservative therapy with electrical stimulation. As there is no significant difference according to statistical analysis both the treatments are recommended.
Keywords: Bell’s palsy; Electrical stimulation; Sunny Brook facial grading scale

Epilepsy is a chronic and common neurological condition worldwide. It generates psychological and social suffering in those who suffer from it. In order to objectify the effect of the representations and the experience of the disease on the coping strategies adopted by patients suffering from epilepsy, we conducted research with 46 patients aged 18 and over suffering from this condition.
Our data were collected using a questionnaire, Carver's Brief COPE scale (1997) and a semi-directive interview guide. The data was processed using the Sphinx Plus² program.
Our results show that most patients with epilepsy see the disease as being neurological (80.4%), curable (82.6%), and financially and/or socially burdensome (91.3%). Compared to the experience of the disease, the results show that patients suffering from epilepsy are frequently driven by fear (97.8%), shame (76.1%), a feeling of worthlessness (34.8%) and more adopt coping strategies centered on emotion (73.9%) and other strategies much more specific to the disease and the sociocultural context. Our results showed a significant effect of representations (at the .05 threshold) and illness experience (at the .01 threshold) on coping strategies (adaptation) adopted by patients with epilepsy.
This study therefore calls on health professionals to provide holistic care for patients suffering from epilepsy.
Keywords: Epilepsy; representations; experience; coping strategies

Digital transformation and upgrading pose new requirements for talent quality. Taking human resources positions as an example, this article constructs a "3+X" talent quality evaluation index system that includes knowledge, ability, attitude, and professional skills. Based on the data characteristics of 55 employees in human resources positions, a combination weighting model, entropy method, and BP neural network model are used, and an evaluation index system and weight evaluation index system suitable for the quality characteristics of talents in China's hydropower industry have been constructed. The research results show that employee competence is an important indicator for driving digital transformation, with knowledge and professional skills playing a relatively central role, and attitudes being less differentiated. Finally, the research significance and shortcomings of the study are summarized, and the prospects for future development are provided.
Keywords: Digital transformation; Talent quality characteristics; Evaluation index; BP neural network; Entropy method

In recent years, digital twins have become a more significant strategic trend in the construction industry. Stakeholders in the industry view it as a technology-driven innovation that has the potential to support the design, building, and operation of constructed assets, alongside advancements in other new-generation information technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data, cloud computing, and edge computing. However, the construction project context generates various organizational and functional information through model-based domain-specific information models that require integration and analysis. Furthermore, commercial technologies enable the integration of real-time data sources with building information models (BIM), but these tools are often proprietary and incompatible with other applications. This lack of interoperability among heterogeneous data formats is a major obstacle to the reliable application of digital twins in the construction industry. To address this challenge, this study presents a multimodel framework developed using Information Container for Linked Document Delivery (ICDD) that can integrate multiple data models from autonomous and heterogeneous sources, including real-time data sources, in their original format at the system level. This framework enables stakeholders to analyze, exchange, and share linked information among the built asset stakeholders, relying on linked data and Semantic Web technologies.
Keywords: BIM; Multimodel; Digital Twin; Linked data; Information Containers

Italy has a rich world cultural heritage, and its protection strategy has also been developed. It has experienced value changes that emphasize "restore the original shape of the building", "historical authenticity", and "integrity protection". The aesthetics presented here are also Changes have taken place, highlighting the "beauty of historical truth and the beauty of differences of contemporary imprints."
Keywords: architectural cultural heritage; protection strategy; aesthetic development; gestalt and authenticity

It would be an understatement to say that the internet is hazardous in this age of constantly evolving attack mechanisms and pervasive data thefts. For security specialists, it is akin to engaging in an endless game of cat-and-mouse as they traverse an ever-changing landscape. Using only firewalls and antivirus software against a modern, well-equipped army is equivalent to using spears and stones. Social engineering or malware employing packing or encoding techniques that evade our detection tools are all that an adversary needs to compromise our system. Therefore, it is imperative to transcend the limitations of edge defence, which primarily focuses on tool validation, and adopt a proactive strategy that emphasises intrusion identification and prompt response. This can be accomplished through the implementation of an ethereal network, a comprehensive end-to-end host and network approach that not only scales effectively but also ensures accurate intrusion detection. Our objective is not limited to mere obstruction; it also includes a substantial reduction in time. When conventional security measures, such as firewalls and antivirus software, fail, we must swiftly ascertain the nature of the incident and respond accordingly. In industry reports, response times are frequently measured in weeks, months, or even years, which is untenable. Our objective is to reduce this timeframe to hours, a significant reduction that will improve our response capabilities. Therefore, an effective approach to breach detection becomes essential. Together with a robust honeypot system, we employ a Modern Honey Network (MHN) to facilitate honeypot management and deployment while ensuring their security. This fusion includes honeypots such as Glastopf, Dionaea, and Kippo, which document suspicious activities and capture crucial details of the attacks on the MHN server. In addition, reconnaissance is essential to our research. Recognising the complexities of reconnaissance, we make it the focal point of our efforts. When malware or insider threats penetrate our network, they frequently conduct reconnaissance to determine the extent of their access. By closely observing this type of activity, we can readily identify any suspicious network intrusions or compromised Internet of Things devices. Our deployment strategy concludes with the installation of MHN, the deployment of Dionaea, Kippo, and Snort honeypots, and their integration with Splunk for effective analysis of captured attacks. This integration enables us to identify the specific service ports under attack and trace the assailants’ source IP addresses, providing invaluable information for further investigation and mitigation.
Keywords: Breach; Ethereal; Intrusion Detection Systems; Honeypot; Reconnaissance

The Hippocratic Oath is a covenant to treat and heal everybody and everywhere without any discrimination. Many doctors and other health professionals face big risks when dealing with dangerous illnesses, testing new treatments on themselves, working in war times where their life is in danger, helping people through earthquakes, inondations, forest fires, hurricanes... They are everyday heroes and we have to honour them. We are grateful for their dedication.

Introduction: Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure designed to repair skull defects or restore skull continuity following a previous operation or injury. Reconstruction with cranioplasty may be required after craniectomy to manage aesthetic disfigurement, increased intracranial pressure due to traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, or brain tumors.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out on 51 patients with cranial defects of different etiologies, sites and sizes who had cranioplasty in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2022.
Results: Fifty one patients included in the study, majority were in the age group of 21-30 years (37.3%). Mean age of the patients was 27.3 years. All patients had artificial material, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The outcome of the procedure was good. The overall complication rate of 9.8% and reoperation rate of 3.8% were seen among our patients.
Conclusion: Cerebral protection and aesthetic contour of the cranium were achieved in all our patients. Cranioplasty is not without complications; however, good results are achievable in most of the patients.
Keywords: cranioplasty; craniectomy; trauma; brain

Biomedical waste, also known as healthcare or medical waste, poses significant risks to public health and the environment if not managed properly. With the rapid growth of the healthcare industry, it becomes crucial to implement effective biomedical waste management practices. In this article, we delve into the importance of proper biomedical waste management, its potential hazards, and strategies to ensure the safe handling, treatment, and disposal of biomedical waste.

Background: The sagittal split osteotomy method for extraction of the mandibular third molars can be used in cases of deeply seated teeth, positioned in proximity to the mandibular canal, jeopardizing the integrity of the inferior alveolar nerve and the mandible itself. The classic sagittal split osteotomy approach, adopted from orthognathic surgery, may increase the risk of postoperative malocclusion and Temporomandibular joint dysfunction. For this reason, we would like to purpose a modified technique of sagittal split osteotomy that can be used for extractions.
Methods: This study presents a case of using a modified incomplete sagittal split osteotomy approach for the extraction of a deeply impacted right mandibular third molar in a 43-year-old man under general anesthesia.
Results: Only the superior border of the mandibular cortex was separated for approaching the impacted tooth while leaving the inferior cortex intact. After the surgery no inferior alveolar nerve sensory deficit was observed and the incomplete fracture was reduced back to the original anatomical position.
Conclusions: We suggest using the incomplete sagittal split osteotomy technique in deeply impacted third molars which pose a high risk when extracted. It allows for superior healing with perfect alignment of the segments.
Keywords: Sagittal split osteotomy; Third molars; Extraction; Wisdom teeth; Impacted

Introduction: HPV infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer and cancer deaths among women in Cameroon. It constitutes a real public health problem. The aim of this research was to study the factors associated with non-adherence to the HPV vaccine by the parents of young girls aged 9 to 14 in the MIFI Health District.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim. This study was carried out among the parents of young girls aged 9 to 14 living in the Mifi Health District. The data was collected over the period of May to July 2023; using a face to face administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered after obtaining an informed consent from each participant. The data were subsequently compiled using Excel software, then analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the results; with a significance threshold set at 0.05.
Results: A total of 430 parents were accessed, of which 83.5% (359/430) of them were female. 34 parents declared to have vaccinated their children against HPV, for a vaccination coverage of 7.9%. 81.6% (351/430) of parents admitted to know about cervical cancer. 55.1% (237/430) of them had never heard of HPV and only 48.6% (209/430) of parents knew that this virus constitutes a risk for their health and that of their daughters. Regression analyzes showed a significant association between vaccination status and knowledge of the disease by parents/guardians [aOR=4.30(3.18-6.76); pvalue =0.001], the fact of not have received information on vaccination [aOR=3.02(1.51-5.65); pvalue =0.003], not having confidence in the vaccine [ORa =5.21(4.33-6.12); pvalue ≤0.001], having never heard of HPV [ORa =5.85 (4.43-6.88); pvalue ≤0.001], fear of side effects [ORa =5.79 (3.17-6.91); pvalue≤0.001], and parent's profession [ORa =4.98(3.35-6.77)); pvalue =0.004)].
Conclusion: Strengthening communication around the importance of vaccination against HPV becomes essential to reduce the incidence of cases of cervical cancer.

People perform activities in line with their expertise. Typically, they communicate with others using either spoken or written language, which reflects their mental processes. The tone, pitch, and speech patterns used in communication are influenced by genetics, education, medical and social history, environmental factors, and venture. Any evolving medical conditions may also impact how someone communicates with others.
In-person verbal and non-verbal communications and non-in-person oral communications [phone calls] have varying effects on the individual based on subject matter, solicitation degree, and communication skills.

The "Healthcare Surveillance of PCOD" study aims to understand the prevalence, symptoms, management strategies, and perceptions of PCOD among patients. Findings indicate that PCOD predominantly affects unmarried women in the age group of 18-25 years, with the most common symptoms being irregular periods, weight gain, acne, hirsutism, hair loss, and infertility. The majority of patients sought medical intervention, with a significant proportion opting for medication and diet and exercise. The perception regarding management of PCOD through lifestyle changes varied, with some believing it to be effective, while others expressed scepticism. Lifestyle changes were adopted by a majority of patients, with varying levels of success reported.
Keyword: PCOD; irregular periods; hair loss

Respiratory viral infections are caused by a diverse group of viruses, including influenza A and B viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2, respiratory syncytial virus, and human rhinovirus.  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common and highly contagious virus that affects the lower respiratory tract and can lead to severe illness in infants, young children, and older adults. After more than 60 years of research for developing an efficient vaccine against this single-stranded virus, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently recommended two newly developed RSV vaccines, RSVPreF3OA (Arexvy) by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo) by Pfizer. Both vaccines are approved to be administered as a single dose for ages 60 and older but Abrysvo is for those between 32 to 36 weeks of pregnancy to help protect their newborns.  According to a CDC report, there are no substantial differences between these two vaccines and both were 80 to 90 percent effective in reducing RSV illness during the first season after vaccination. This article will discuss the epidemiological effects of RSV in the community, focusing on its prevalence, transmission, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Keywords: RSV; Vaccine; Infection; Immunity; Prevention

The objective of this Case Report was to determine that the use of an Autologous Dentinal Graft is so efficient that it shows comparable results and clinical performance similar to autologous bone, when used as a graft material in Immediate Post-Extraction Implants.
A Literature Review was carried out and various results were found from Meta-Analyses, Systematic Reviews, Clinical Trials (In Vitro and Animal), Randomized Controlled Studies, Prospective and Retrospective Studies to Case Reports.
The results reported in all studies conclude that the use of Autologous Particulate Dentine or Mineralized or Demineralized Dentine Matrix show clinical, histological performance similar to autologous bone and superior to Xenograft.
Autologous dentin is an effective option for bone augmentation around dental implants, with acceptable primary stability, marginal bone loss, and incidences of complications or failures.
Keywords: dentin; autologous; regeneration; implant; post-extraction

Introduction: When placing dental implants, there is some difficulty when rehabilitating some patients when they have low bone density. Therefore, one treatment option is bone regeneration surgery using an autologous dentin injector. And by using said injector, the aim is to promote osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction.
Aim: To evaluate the vertical increase in a bone defect using the KometaBio system, by Cone beamTomography.
Method: Male patient presents with a vertical bone defect in the upper anterior sector for implant placement. The bone regeneration technique of choice was placement of an autologous dentin injector, with the KometaBio system to achieve vertical increase, which was evaluated after 6 months by means of Cone beam Tomography, to subsequently continue with assessment and implant planning.
Results: A vertical bone increase was found in the area of the dental organ 21, which was: 4.07 mm in the turbinate, 0.10 mm medially and 0.98 in the apical area.
Conclusion: The autogenous dentin injector appears to be able to promote bone formation through repeated osteoinduction and osteoconduction in vertical and horizontal bone defects, providing adequate bone density for future implant placement.
Keywords: Guided bone regeneration; Autologous dentin graft; Osseointegration

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious health threats worldwide. Infections from antimicrobial resistant bacteria are now very common as some of these pathogens have shown resistance to multiple types or classes of antimicrobial agents. This has been a very difficult problem the global healthcare sector has to grapple with over the years.
According to World Health Organization in 2019, the total annual deaths due to drug resistance was 4.95 million deaths, out of these, 1.27 million deaths were due to AMR bacteria, which is even more than those from Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The WHO lists AMR among ten threats to global health.The economic impact of AMR is enormous as it is estimated at 1.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) reduction, which is projected to exceed US$ one trillion annually across the world. The AMR cost could cost from $300 billion to over $1 trillion annually by 2050 worldwide.

Tuberculosis has been one of the leading causes of high morbidity and mortality even in advanced science now a days. Tuberculosis is concerning for resistance pattern and MDR TB. Long term therapy is contravening factors for developing resistance as majority times patient are careless for follow up and discontinue medications after apparent improvement. Gastrointestinal TB accounts for 3% of extrapulmonary TB. The most common site of involvement being the ileocecal region. Vermiform appendix lies in close proximity to ileocecal area. Despite this, incidence of TB in appendix is rarely reported. There are no pathognomic signs and symptoms to prompt preoperative diagnosis of tubercular acute appendicitis. Diagnosis is usually made after histological reports of the appendix. Incidence of appendicular TB in all appendectomies has been reported varying from 0.1 to 0.3%, 1-3. This case report shows a female admitted with features of acute appendicitis and was operated on emergency basis. Her appendix surface was grossly reddened, thick, edematous, short and firmly adhered with cecum. During appendicectomy cecal serosa was injured and repaired. Histopathology reveals appendicular TB. Patient was treated according to anti TB regime.
Keywords: TB; V Appendix; HPR; Anti TB drug

Our genes hold the gun, our environment can pull the trigger and activate the genes we've been carrying for decades, to live together.
There are trillions of bacteria, germs, and viruses in the environment that we breathe, and our ancestors have encountered many diseases including cancer, and breast cancer for females.
Cancer is a complex disease that is caused by a number of factors like collective trauma and the body finds expression in its defense mechanism. When not checked in time, and affected with factors like stress and lifestyle choices, can go awry.

When dealing with supervised models containing classification and regression, we need special matrices, such as confusion matrices. In software engineering, the final step, such as testing, is the most crucial stage in software creation, and that is the confusion matrix. We must have software that has been tested, and in this case, it is called white box testing, which is testing carried out from the internal side of the software. It is essential that software is not only created but can also be tested internally and even better if it is also tested externally, which is also often referred to as black box testing. Black box testing is a software testing process carried out by distributing questionnaires to software users as a user acceptance test.

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique that enables remote devices to share their local models without sharing their data. While this system benefits security, it still has many vulnerabilities. In this work, we propose a new aggregation system that mitigates some of these vulnerabilities. Our aggregation framework is based on: Connecting with each client individually, calculating clients’ model changes that will affect the global model, and finally preventing aggregation of any client model until the accepted range of distances with other clients is calculated and the range of this client is within it. This approach aims to mitigate against Causative, Byzantine, and Membership Inference attacks. It has achieved an accuracy of over 90 percent for detecting malicious agents and removing them.
Keywords: Federated Learning; Security; Step - wise Model Aggregation

Seawater desalination is an alternative that can extend water supplies beyond what is available in the hydrological cycle, with a constant and climate-independent supply. Radical transformation in the way we use natural resources is central to meeting the needs of future generations. The growing desalination market across the world has thrown up the challenges of management of Brine and EoL (End-of-Life) membranes. For achieving sustainable desalination strategy, the current economy based on linear model has to be replaced with circular economy model through suitable technologies. Here in our study, we have carried out various process studies for brine management and membrane management for facilitating the value addition to desalination plants and facilitating the reuse and recycle for lower end applications. The process technologies based on these studies are presented in this engineering article. The coupling of recovery of technology trace metals from brine using Radiation Induced Grafted sorbents is highlighted. These process studies and technologies will help to incorporate principles of the circular economy for the sustainable development of desalination.
Keywords: Desalination; Brine management; Membrane management; Circular economy

Permafrost is the subject of global research, it occupies about 25% of the entire land area of the globe, and also its degradation. Many works of international researchers reflect the results of work on permafrost soils common in North America, Canada, Europe, Asia, and naturally in the Arctic and Antarctica. As a result of the degradation of permafrost all over the world, including in Mongolia, permafrost of mainly discontinuous and island types is thawing, since here the thickness of frozen soils is from 2.0 ... 4.0 meters to several tens of meters, as a result of the last few decades, complete thawing is possible most island permafrost. From the point of view of permafrost engineering, thawing and degradation of permafrost leads to a decrease in the bearing capacity of the base soil, the latter leading to a loss of stability of buildings and engineering structures with possible catastrophic consequences.
Keywords: geocryology; thawing; methane release; active layer; mechanical properties of frozen soils

To attract every farmer to do agriculture business digitally and smart agriculture to get more productivity without soil or land. There is dire need of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in Hydro- culture Farming sector in India., where as agriculture is backbone of the country. Indian Agriculture is facing several problems such as small and fragmented land holdings, fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals used for agriculture. The solution is hydroponic system. Hydroponics is a method in which plant grow without using soil and gives you more production than soil farming within less time. However, purity of water control by this system which can result to growing of plant. Microcontroller automatically maintains purity level in water solution using turbidity sensor. We have to develop and implement Internet of Things (IoT) devices to solve above difficulties. Hydroponic system does not required land so its land free farming, Human being demanding quality food which is free from chemicals and pesticides Here we can go organic ,it should done in controlling environment .you also can do it at garden, balcony or in some controlling area. Such research paper is basic study of Internet of Things (IoT) devices used in Hydroponic System and its Impact on Productivity of Agricultural Sector upcoming as a Hydro culture Farming.

AR applications have become an integral part of our daily life as a form of communication, for entertainment, shopping, travel, education, medicine, robotics, manufacturing, etc. [1, 2]. The development of simulation applications has recently become quite common. The development and management of applications with an interactive environment and the interaction of better functions, updates such as the use of augmented reality technologies such as AR and VR [1], recognition methods [3, 4] to improve user interaction play an important role in the current development trends.
The introduction of AR and VR in educational institutions and digital transformation in industrial and non-industrial areas has grown exponentially in recent years [5]. The article [5] presents the application of augmented reality technology in the field of engineering.
For example, in medicine, VR is used as a field for training future doctors, especially surgeons, which allows you to get not only theoretical knowledge, but also real practical experience from training, while eliminating the risk of harming a real patient [6]. In addition, it provides an opportunity to analyze rare diseases and acquire skills to deal with them in emergency situations. In addition, R can help in the rehabilitation of patients after severe injuries. In science, virtual reality technology can be used to simulate complex systems and processes, allowing researchers to study them in detail and make new discoveries.
In education, VR has long been used to conduct interactive lessons and create unique simulators that help accelerate the progress of learning the material and contribute to the acquisition of practical skills [7, 8].
This paper provides experiences and suggestions for the practice-oriented development and deployment of augmented reality technology in various fields that can be used for future augmented reality research.
Keywords: Augmented reality (AR); Virtual reality (VR); Web AR; image; configuration

Background: Outpatient surgical procedures have shown reduced costs, improved patient outcomes, and decreased postoperative complications. Interest in moving orthopedic and neurosurgical spine procedures to the outpatient setting has grown in recent years because of these factors. Studies investigating open posterior lumbar interbody fusions (PLIF) in the outpatient setting are sparse.
Methods: Patients who underwent an open PLIF with pedicle screw and rod construct from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Outpatient procedures were defined by patient discharge being on the same day of procedure, without admittance to an inpatient ward. Pertinent demographic, clinical, radiographic, and surgical data were collected and analyzed.
Results: The current study included 36 outpatient PLIF cases with 94.4% of the study cohort undergoing a single level PLIF. The average Oswestry Disability Index Score improved by 20.4 points from preoperative measurements (p = 0.0002) and the Visual Analog Scale Score improved by 27.2 points (p = 0.0001). Postoperative fusion rate was 94.4%. One intraoperative complication occurred (2.78%), and four post-operative complications occurred (11.11%). There were no subsequent admissions throughout the postoperative follow up period; however, two of the 36 patients (5.56%) did require reoperation, both in an outpatient setting.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that open posterior lumbar interbody fusions performed in an outpatient setting can be performed safely and effectively, with a significant reduction in VAS and ODI pain scores.
Keywords: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion; Outpatient lumbar fusion; Same-day discharge; Spinal fusion; Open surgery

Traditional medicine (TM)/folk medicine (FM) has had a profound impact in Vietnam, with it being a mainstream medical practice, though which has been slowing phasing out, in the country and TM/FM coexisting with modern western medicine. Within Traditional medicinal practices in Vietnam, there are two kinds of Traditional medicine - Thuốc Nam i.e., Southern Herbology/medicine and Thuốc Bắc, i.e., Northern Herbology/medicine. The former is indigenous Vietnamese traditional medicine which developed from Vietnamese folk knowledge, whilst the latter is traditional Chinese medicine introduced from centuries of medical exchanges between various Chinese and Vietnamese dynasties. (Adorisio S, et al., 2016) This will cover both practices as one.

Drug and alcohol use is a major public health concern in the United States, as college-aged adults seem to be at the forefront of national statistics due to the commonality on campuses. Research is coming out that determines further understanding of what causes college students to drink and use drugs, but there is a lack of knowledge and literature on the point of view of college athletes. The current study used an online system, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), to address different aspects and consistency of the usage of drugs and consumption of alcohol. The study observed tendencies of college athletes, N=243, M(age)= 19.8, that participated over many sports including baseball, football, men’s basketball, men’s cross country, men’s track, softball, volleyball, women’s basketball, and women’s track. Results of the survey showed that these students had their first sip of alcohol and tried marijuana for the first time at an early age. The survey also showed over half of the participants admitted to binge drinking in the past month, as well as collectively using alcohol and marijuana in the past 30 days as well, among other statistics. Findings and discussion determine that college student athletes are more likely to binge drink, and less likely to engage in drug usage, due to being strictly monitored and regimented with their athletic commitments and having the feeling of missing out on college experiences. These results suggest that more alcohol and marijuana educational programs should further target student-athletes.
Keywords: alcohol; drug use; marijuana; binge drinking; college athletes; college