Peripheral neuropathy is a broad and clinically diverse group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. Patients may experience pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, impaired balance, and progressive difficulties with daily activities. Diabetes is one of the most common causes, but peripheral neuropathy may also result from inherited disorders, nutritional deficiencies, infections, autoimmune conditions, medications, toxins, and metabolic abnormalities. This diversity makes effective treatment a continuing challenge.

From a pharmaceutical perspective, the management of peripheral neuropathy has traditionally focused on controlling symptoms, particularly neuropathic pain. Drugs such as duloxetine, pregabalin, gabapentin, and tricyclic antidepressants remain widely used therapeutic options. Topical agents, including lidocaine and high-concentration capsaicin, can also be useful for selected patients. Although these treatments can provide meaningful symptom relief, their effectiveness varies between individuals and adverse effects may limit their use.

As technology advances, digital innovation and public health are increasingly collaborating to address global health challenges. Digital health technologies are transforming how we track, predict, and respond to pandemics and chronic diseases. Tools such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, wearables, and telemedicine enhance monitoring, improve health outcomes, and expand access to care. Effective implementation requires careful consideration of ethics, logistics, and governance. This editorial examines the impact of digital health technologies on public health, highlights their potential, and recommends responsible approaches for their use.

Introduction: In the present turbulent era, security management extends across a broad spectrum of societal life, ranging from the everyday activities of citizens to scientific and technical endeavors in many disciplines. A critical element of every social system is healthcare. Modern technologies are being introduced into this field almost on a daily basis. For accurate disease diagnostics, contemporary healthcare requires high-quality imaging methods. One of the imaging modalities is the discipline of nuclear medicine. Radioactive substances administered into the patient’s body provide an accurate picture of the functional state of the internal environment. Both patients and healthcare personnel are exposed to invisible ionizing radiation, which, in doses exceeding established limits, becomes hazardous. Similar to other disciplines, nuclear medicine is continually advancing. The current standard is represented by SPECT technologies. SPECT CZT is an upgraded system in which analog detection technology has been replaced by semiconductors.
The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, requires early diagnosis and modern treatment.
Methodology: Using nuclear medicine methods, we try to detect these changes in time and thus prevent the occurrence of acute coronary events. In nuclear cardiology, instead of a large-area scintillation detector, a new type of cardio-gamma camera “Discovery CZT 530c” based on the principle of semiconductor detectors began to be used. The abbreviation CZT stands for semiconductor composition (Cadmium-Zinc-Tellur).
The set of respondents consisted of 6280 people examined in the years 2020-2025 by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. There were 3140 nondiabetic patients and 3140 diabetic patients in the analysed group of the 6280 examined.
Results: In the analysed group of 3140 nondiabetic respondents, 75% had negative findings and 25% had positive findings in terms of the presence of ischemic heart disease. In the group 3140 of diabetic patients, there was a negative finding in 63% of respondents and a positive finding in 37% of the respondents in the sense of positive ischemic heart disease. Using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of functional changes, we confirmed a benefit in detecting early changes in coronary heart disease, including in the diagnosis of microvascular angina.
Conclusion: Nuclear medicine methods are of great benefit for the diagnosis of small vessel disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The new type of cardio gamma camera “Discovery CZT 530c” allows more accurate assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalities and at the same time the reduction of the radiopharmaceutical dose reduces the patient's radiation load by 50%.
Keywords: Semiconductor Detectors for Ionizing Radiation; Cardiac CZT SPECT gamma camera 530c; SPECT/CT camera Star Guide; Coronary heart disease; Radionuclides

Guiding left-handed students toward a healthy lifestyle during their adaptation to primary school education is a critical pedagogical and psychophysiological issue. This transition involves profound psychological restructuring that demands both mental resilience and significant physical stamina from young learners. School readiness for left-handed children encompasses multifaceted requirements, including overall physical development, foundational knowledge acquisition, self-care skills, behavioral culture, effective speech, fine motor development for handwriting, collaborative abilities, and learning motivation. Contrary to the widespread assumption that school adaptation concludes within the initial 3-5 weeks or the first quarter, empirical evidence shows that for first-grade left-handed students, this adaptation phase often extends through the fourth quarter. This protracted adaptation necessitates sustained health-preserving educational environments, ergonomic adjustments, and systematic healthy lifestyle promotion to prevent premature physical exhaustion and psychological strain. This article explores comprehensive methodologies for educators and parents to support left-handed learners, fostering enduring healthy lifestyle habits, reducing motor stress, and ensuring a seamless, health-oriented integration into primary education.
Keywords: healthy lifestyle; adaptation; rehabilitation; healthy physical education; functional laterality profile; sinistrality; left-handedness; left-handed schoolchildren; left-handed students; school adaptation; healthy lifestyle habits; student well-being; primary education; psychological restructuring; fine motor skills; adaptation period length

Despite favorable outcome of Hodgkin lymphoma approximately 25% of patient’s experience relapse or refractory to initial treatment. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is clinically and biologically a diverse group of disease ranging from indolent to aggressive clinical course. Diffuse large B cell variant is clinically aggressive course while follicular, Marginal zone lymphoma are indolent. Response rate to conventional chemotherapy is more than fifty percent however in significant proportion do relapse. Several factors are considered for adopting salvage regimen including autologous bone marrow transplant. Novel emerging treatment are also under current practice. A retrospective clinic -pathological profile and treatment outcome of relapsed lymphoma cases at Vayodha Hospital from January 2022 to February 2026. Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed as relapsed lymphoma and got treated were enrolled in the study over 50 months’ period. Total of 20 adult patients were enrolled in the study. Biopsy was done in all cases and disease classification was done according to histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. Staging was done by PET CT/CECT. From January 2022 to February 2026, twenty cases were registered with relapsed lymphoma. Mean age of presentation was 42.5 years (range 21-72 years). Male: female ratio was 2.3:1. During this period four patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and sixteen patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma relapsed. Biopsy was done in all and further subtyping was done on the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. Staging and response evaluation of treatment was done by PET CT in 55% while contrast enhanced CT was done in 45%. All Hodgkin lymphoma were treated with ABVD regimen prior to relapse while Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was treated with Rituximab based regimen in majority 75%. Median time to relapse was 36 months. Majority (80%) was documented as late relapse and nodal disease in 55%. Extra nodal were 45% and sites were Brain & spine (25%), orbit, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx and spleen. Diffuse large B cell histology was found in 56%. Mantle cell (19%), T cell rich B cell (12.5%), Follicular and MALT lymphoma each 6% are other histological types. Chemotherapy based salvage regimen was used in 80% and autologous bone marrow transplant after salvage was opted in 10% and remaining 10% was treated with only palliative care. DHAP (Dexamethasone, Ara-C, Cisplatin) regimen was used in 45%. Outcome analysis revealed 70% alive and deaths were recorded in 30% due to progressive and refractory disease. Mean duration of follow up since first diagnosis was 64.5 months (range: 8 - 96 months). Relapse poses significant challenges in resource poor country. Limited diagnostic facilities and poor patient finance poses difficulty in planning treatment strategy. Standard salvage followed by bone marrow transplant is limited due financial constraint and limited facility as well.
Keywords: Lymphoma; Bone marrow transplant; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Nepal

Background: There has been a noticeable decline in academic performance globally. This study examined the relationship between physical activity level, sleep quality, and academic performance among undergraduate students in Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique and a structured, validated, self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression at p < 0.05. Results: 69.0% of the respondents had a moderate physical activity level. Mean sleep duration was 5.96 ± 1.40 hours; 57.2% reported good and 21.3% reported poor overall sleep quality. Mean CGPA was 3.30 ± 0.84. Physical activity level was significantly associated with sleep quality (χ² = 21.38, p = 0.001), and sleep quality was significantly associated with academic performance (χ² = 43.95, p = 0.001). Physical activity, sleep quality, and academic performance were positively correlated (r = 0.291-0.472, p < 0.01). Multiple regression showed that sleep quality (β = 0.418, p = 0.001) and physical activity level (β = 0.208, p = 0.001) jointly predicted academic performance, explaining 28.7% of its variance (R² = 0.287, F = 84.52, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Sleep quality and physical activity are significant, independent predictors of academic performance among undergraduate students in Delta State, with sleep quality exerting the stronger influence.
Keywords: physical activity; sleep quality; academic performance; undergraduate students

The continuously increasing global demand for energy, driven by population growth, rapid urbanization, and ongoing digital transformation, necessitates the adoption of sustainable, clean, and universally accessible energy sources. In this context, solar energy, as an abundant and renewable resource, stands out as one of the most promising solutions to address these challenges. The Earth receives an immense amount of solar radiation, yet only a small fraction is currently harnessed. Indeed, the solar irradiance reaching the Earth’s surface has the theoretical potential to meet global energy demands.

Traditional pollution source attribution relies on expensive chemical speciation and handcrafted statistical models that cannot leverage the rich semantic information embedded in environmental monitoring metadata. We present EnhancedPollutionAttributorWithLLMs, a novel multimodal framework that integrates Large Language Models with advanced neural architectures for automated pollution source attribution. Our approach extracts semantic features from EPA Air Quality System site descriptions and combines them with spatiotemporal environmental data using rigorous geographic holdout validation. Experimental evaluation on 3,899 EPA monitoring records demonstrates that Vision Transformer with LLM-enhanced features achieves exceptional performance (R² = 0.9969, RMSE = 0.3116), significantly outperforming traditional approaches. Ablation studies reveal that LLM-derived semantic features contribute 1.2% improvement in R², while comprehensive interpretability analysis using SHAP provides actionable insights for environmental policy. This work establishes the first reproducible benchmark for LLM-enhanced environmental monitoring and demonstrates the potential for automated, large-scale pollution source attribution.

Keywords: pollution attribution; large language models; environmental monitoring; EPA AQS; semantic feature extraction; vision transformer; interpretable ML; neural networks

AI and AI-based technologies like ChatGPT are beginning to redefine how firms can create value, make decisions, engage with customers, operate their business, and even build new business models. However, evidence relating to the organizational characteristics required for the successful implementation of AI is limited, especially within the Hong Kong business environment. This study looks at the adoption, implementation, and business implications of AI and ChatGPT within the context of Hong Kong firms and sectors. The objective is to determine the various capabilities and success factors that determine the successful implementation of AI, which includes strategic alignment, support from the leadership, technological capabilities, data availability, employee competencies, organizational culture, ethical management, and change management capability. These findings will serve as the basis for developing a context-based theoretical framework that connects the use of AI technology to organizational capability, implementation factors, and business performance. Another aspect that is considered is the role of business leadership in the use of AI to transform businesses, as well as the issues of privacy, security, ethics, cost of implementation, technical skill, and readiness of employees. This research will not only benefit the academic field of AI readiness and digital transformation but will also give practical advice to Hong Kong businesses.

In this paper we are considering linear elasticity theory to model the maximum horizontal force on a building that can only carry compression stresses from the gravity load, such as masonry and unreinforced concrete buildings. To solve this problem, we define two simple dimensionless geometrical quantities and define a corresponding plot between the two quantities that we denote the Bella Curve. This curve can be used to provide an estimate of the moment arm of the normal force to withstand the above mentioned maximum horizontal force so that we still have compression stress in all load bearing walls. We illustrate the principle on classical beam sections and then also demonstrate how the principle can be applied to provide an estimate of safety towards wind for the Danish high rise building from Bellahøj and for the 670-year-old Giotto Bell Tower in Italy.

Off-grid solar energy systems are increasingly adopted for residential use as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel–based electricity. Accurate design of these systems is essential to ensure reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This study compares manual sizing calculations with PVsyst simulation outputs for residential off-grid systems. The manual approach focuses on determining the required number of PV modules, inverter capacity, and battery storage while accounting for surge loads. PVsyst simulations are then used to model the same system under environmental and operational conditions. Results reveal that while PVsyst provides valuable long-term performance insights, it tends to underestimate inverter requirements and battery usability in off-grid applications. Manual design, in contrast, ensures reliable surge load handling and more realistic storage capacity estimates. The study concludes that a hybrid approach—integrating manual engineering methods with PVsyst simulations—offers a more reliable pathway for residential off-grid solar system design.

Keywords: Solar Energy; System Manual Design; Residential Solar Design; PVsyst Simulation; Battery Sizing; Surge Load

This paper presents a case study on using Google AI Studio (version Pro) to vibe code a medium-complexity software application by a non-programmer who, moreover, needs it in another language than English. We prove that, on one hand, almost anybody can successfully vibe code, not only developers, even if you do not speak or understand English, and, on the other, that although such a top AI product can build a reasonable approximation of a fine database software application, vibe coding still needs thorough testing of it, as, even if the initial specification documentation is crystal clear and almost exhaustive, the resulting app may exhibit bugs and not that intelligent development decisions.
Keywords: vibe coding; Google AI Studio; relational database design; software application development; software application testing

Medicines play an essential role throughout surgical care, from preparing patients for procedures to managing pain, preventing infections, and supporting recovery after surgery. However, the benefits of pharmacological treatment depend on appropriate selection, dosing, timing, and duration. Rational use of medicines requires clinicians to choose the most suitable treatment according to the patient's clinical condition, while considering safety, effectiveness, affordability, and the risk of unnecessary medication exposure.

• Global burden: In 2021, about 5 million children under five died worldwide, with the majority from preventable causes such as infections, birth complications, and unsafe environments (UNICEF, 2023).
• SDG Target 3.2: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal to reduce under-five mortality (U5M) to below 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030 (WHO, 2021).
• Malaysia’s progress: The country has made notable achievements, reducing U5M to 8.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023 (DOSM, 2024). However, these national averages mask inequalities—rural and semi-urban districts still experience preventable deaths.
• Local disparities: Districts like Pekan in Pahang face challenges due to geographic spread, limited access to healthcare, and vulnerable populations such as the Orang Asli communities.
• Stillbirth & Under-5 Mortality Review (SU5MR): Introduced by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2012, SU5MR identifies avoidable factors, improves health system responsiveness, and guides action plans (MOH, 2012).
• Study importance: Analysing Pekan’s SU5MR data (2020-2024) helps uncover local risk factors and provides evidence for targeted interventions, aligning with Malaysia’s Child Health Strategic Plan 2021-2030 and SDG 3.2.

Factor XII (FXII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inheritad disorder that causes a significant prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), imitating a coagulation disorder. The distinctive feature of FXII deficit is the absence of clinical bleeding complications and the tendency to thromboembolic events. Our work concerns two patients with factor XII deficiency. At the time of diagnosis, the patients were aged between 10 months and 2 years with no significant medical history. Neither patient presented with hemorrhagic syndrome, with an extended APTT being discovered incidentally during pre-operative testing.
Keywords: factor XII deficiency; inheritad desease; coagulation; thromboembolic events

Food fraud is commonly treated as an economic or labelling offence, although an economically motivated act can create an unanticipated food-safety hazard. This Mini Review examines the emerging food-fraud evidence relevant to Kenya, the pathways through which fraud threatens health and traceability, and the implications of the Food and Feed Safety Control Co-ordination Act, 2026. Kenyan studies have documented milk dilution and inhibitory substances, as well as species substitution in the meat value chain. Additional vulnerabilities affect alcoholic beverages, honey, edible oils, spices, coffee, cereals, fortified foods and packaged products, but nationally representative prevalence data remain scarce. Three controversies shape the field: whether fraud should be governed principally as food safety or economic crime; whether informal markets are uniquely vulnerable or merely more visible; and whether digital traceability and artificial intelligence can prevent fraud without verified physical testing. Kenya's new coordination framework provides an institutional opportunity, but coordination alone will not deliver food authenticity. Priority gaps include the absence of a national incident database, limited denominator-based surveillance, uneven authenticity-testing capacity, weak integration of commercial intelligence with public-health data, and inadequate measurement of economic burden. Future development should combine vulnerability assessment, intelligence-led sampling, tiered analytical methods, interoperable traceability, protected reporting and transparent risk communication. Kenya should therefore govern food fraud as a food-integrity problem at the intersection of public health, consumer protection and economic crime.
Keywords: food fraud; food integrity; economically motivated adulteration; food safety; traceability; Kenya; public health; regulation

Granular cell tumours are rare, typically benign neuroectodermal neoplasms. While most follow an indolent clinical course, a small subset exhibits aggressive behaviour. We report a case of a granular cell tumour of uncertain malignant potential, non-neural type, in an 87-year-old male, presenting as a rapidly growing, ulcerated forehead nodule. Histopathology revealed high-risk features, including nuclear pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity, and perineural invasion. This case highlights diagnostic challenges in histomorphology, immunohistochemistry and application of conflicting diagnostic criteria—namely the Fanburg-Smith and Nasser frameworks—to determine malignancy in the absence of documented metastasis.
Keywords: Granular cell tumour; cutaneous non-melanoma skin cancer; malignant granular cell tumour; non-neural granular cell tumour

Placental abnormalities including battledore placenta can have morbidity and mortality implications for mother and foetus. We reviewed gross and histologic findings of 32 battledore placentas and compared them to 32 normal cord insertion control placentas. Gross and histologic findings with the greatest difference in prevalence compared with controls were intervillous thrombus, arterial medial hypertrophy, acute funisitis, single artery umbilical cord and subchorionic haemorrhage. Battledore placentas did not meaningfully differ from controls regarding prevalence of acute or chronic chorioamnionitis, meconium staining, increased villous capillaries, increased perivillous fibrin deposition, distal villous hypoplasia, infarction, retroplacental haematoma, villous oedema, calcifications or increased syncytial knots. Early identification of battledore placentas may reduce risk of serious clinical conditions associated with maternal vascular malperfusion, infection and haemorrhage.
Keywords: Battledore placenta; maternal vascular malperfusion; ante-partum ultrasound; acute funisitis; subchorionic haemorrhage; pre-eclampsia

Health is more than just the absence of disease; it covers well-being on all levels, including the physical, the psychological, and the social. Oral health should be acknowledged as a vital aspect of overall health instead of a separate clinical issue. Oral health issues have often been overlooked in public health strategies and healthcare development. Incorporating oral health into public health initiatives is crucial for attaining egalitarian, preventive, and patient-centered healthcare.
The World Health Organization (WHO) approximated that in 2019, oral diseases impacted almost 3.5 billion individuals globally, ranking them as some of the most widespread health issues. This challenge underscores the necessity to transition from a mostly treatment-focused dentistry paradigm to a comprehensive strategy that prioritizes prevention, health promotion, early intervention, and universal access to vital services.

The study examined the water quality of boreholes in relation to their closeness to septic tanks. The physicochemical analysis indicated that there was widespread pollution of ground water resources. Electrical conductivity was 1920 ± 200 µS/cm, total dissolved solid content of 920 ± 95 mg/L, nitrogen at 88 ± 10 mg/L, and BOD was recorded to be 7.9 ± 0.9 mg/L in high density building. Statistical significance as shown by ANOVA results indicates spatial variation with F values being as high as 260.9 for salinity and 255.8 for ammonium (p≤0.001). Distance analysis clearly shows contamination gradients as seen in nitrate values of 85 ± 9 mg/L at ≤10 m and 49 ± 5 mg/L at ≥30m even though residual contamination is found beyond the safe limit. There was also very high faecal contamination as total coliforms varied from 180 to 1200 CFU/100 mL and E. coli from 40 to 500 CFU/100 mL at different sitesPathogens like Salmonella spp., Giardia lamblia (8-60 cysts/L), and Cryptosporidium spp. (3-30 oocysts/L) were identified, clearly indicating the high public health hazards associated with the groundwater. However, even with these pathogens present, perception analysis revealed a lower awareness of the contamination and health hazard, as indicated by only 23.1% to 35.2% recognizing contamination. It is recommended in this study that there be strict adherence to setbacks guidelines, urban planning policies, groundwater monitoring, and public health education as groundwater contamination is identified to be due to spatial proximity, institutional inadequacy, and socio-economic issues.
Keywords: Groundwater; Public Health; Coliform; Contamination; Hazard

Recent trends in online advertising have increased the interest of researchers in how it influences young customers’ purchasing decisions. Focusing on their perceptions and attitudes towards online advertising and its effectiveness in influencing their purchasing decisions, the current research aims to assess how it affects young customers’ purchasing decisions. We surveyed a sample of university students who had a good knowledge of online advertising to learn more about their exposure to online advertising, how they felt about it, and how much it affected their purchasing decisions. The findings of the study suggest that young consumers are consistently exposed to online advertising and generally hold positive attitudes towards it. These findings have implications for companies targeting young customers through internet advertising and policymakers responsible for regulating online advertising practices. The results indicate that online advertising significantly influences the purchase decisions of young customers. However, further research is needed to fully understand the intricacies of this relationship.
Keywords: Online advertising; Perceived Quality; Customer Satisfaction; Consumer Buying Behavior

The primary aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) for their potential application in biomedical sensing and drug delivery systems. Specifically, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are chosen for their known magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and enzyme-mimetic activity, making them suitable for non-enzymatic glucose bio sensing and targeted biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles are selected due to their high electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and well-documented antimicrobial and drug delivery capabilities, making them ideal for loading and releasing therapeutic agents such as acetaminophen for joint pain management. AgNP’s were made by a simple chemical reduction process, whereas Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were created by co-precipitation. The Precursor material for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) is silver nitrate (AgNO₃), which serves as the metal salt precursor in the process. Aniline acts as the reducing agent in the synthesis process. CTAB is used as a stabilizer for the nanoparticles. SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the structural and morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have an uneven, non-uniform grain size and a cubic spinel shape. Additionally, the rotational and vibrational modes of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effectiveness of the nanoparticles in glucose sensing was confirmed by electrochemical measurement, which showed a linear response to rising glucose concentrations. The drug release efficiency of acetaminophen-loaded AgNP’s was evaluated using an open-ended tube method, achieving 76.23% in vitro drug release efficiency after 24 hours. These findings suggest that Fe₃O₄ and AgNP’s hold significant potential for applications in glucose biosensing and joint pain management.
Keywords: Biomaterials; Bioelectrocatalysis; Sol-gel preparation; Drug Delivery Systems; Antimicrobial Activity; Joint pain formulation; electrochemical sensors & Glucose detection

This critical narrative review examines implementation barriers and facilitators, quantitative evidence, and rural representation in health information interoperability across Latin America and the Caribbean. A purposive corpus of 16 distinct sources was interpreted by evidence type, implementation stage, outcome unit, and rural reporting. Recurring themes included standards, governance, vendor dependencies, financing, workforce capacity, and institutional readiness. Technical demonstrations and participation counts documented activity but did not establish sustained clinical use or exchange success rates. Quantitative findings measured different constructs and units, so no pooled estimate was calculated. Rural evidence included reported connectivity barriers and an offline synchronization approach, but the reviewed corpus did not support a regional rural–urban effectiveness estimate. Future evaluations should report validated exchanges with explicit denominators, distinguish testing from routine use, and describe rural definitions and subgroup outcomes. This is a purposive narrative synthesis, not an exhaustive systematic review or meta-analysis. Within the reviewed corpus, missing rural subgroup outcomes represent an evidence gap rather than proof of poor rural implementation.
Keywords: Health information exchange; Interoperability; Latin America and the Caribbean; Implementation; Rural health