In recent years, bioinformatics has emerged as a transformative force in drug development, streamlining processes that were once laborious and resource-intensive. By integrating computational tools with biological data, bioinformatics enables researchers to analyze complex biological systems, predict drug interactions, and accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic agents. As the demand for personalised medicine grows, bioinformatics has become an indispensable tool for ensuring more precise, effective, and safer drug development.

To prevent the disease and degradation of health and to cure the diseases are the two main objectives of Ayurveda. Ayurveda is one of the ancient holistic healing pathy arouse in India about five thousand years back. It harbours treatments for several diseases, ways to live an effective and longer life, ways to attain good health, to lead a prosperous and happy life, to overcome the seasonal variations, to protect nature, and to attain one's higher self. In a nutshell it encompasses a healthier and sustainable means of living a splendid life.

Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices remain pressing challenges in Indian agriculture, particularly in rural areas with limited internet connectivity. Existing smart irrigation solutions predominantly rely on cloud-based processing and continuous network availability, making them unsuitable for remote farming environments. This paper presents SmartIrrig, a cost-effective, edge-based intelligent irrigation system designed for small-scale agricultural use. The proposed architecture integrates soil moisture sensing, real-time weather condition monitoring, and a local decision-making engine to autonomously control water pump operation without dependence on cloud services. A predictive irrigation module leverages threshold-based logic enhanced by lightweight rule-based reasoning to anticipate water requirements before critical soil dryness occurs. The system provides farmer-friendly feedback through an LCD display and optional mobile application. Evaluated through controlled field trials under varied soil and weather conditions, SmartIrrig demonstrates 34% reduction in water consumption compared to conventional timer-based systems, with an average pump decision latency of under 200 milliseconds. The system's offline-first design addresses the primary limitation of existing solutions, establishing edge computing as a viable paradigm for agricultural IoT in resource-constrained environments.
Keywords: smart irrigation; IoT; edge computing; soil moisture sensing; precision agriculture; embedded systems; water management; Arduino

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of metabolic waste and fluid imbalance. The leading cause of CKD is persistent hyperglycemia due to diabetes mellitus. High blood glucose levels damage renal microvasculature, particularly the glomeruli, resulting in proteinuria. Hyperfiltration, intraglomerular hypertension, and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) further exacerbate renal injury through inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage. Hypertension, often coexisting with diabetes, accelerates CKD progression by increasing intrarenal pressure and perpetuating a cycle where elevated blood pressure and renal dysfunction worsen each other. This vicious cycle significantly heightens the risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
In the Greco-Arabic (Unani) medicine, CKD is described as a chronic imbalance in the body’s humors (Akhlat)—particularly involving a derangement of the kidneys' cold and moist temperament (Mizaj). Conditions such as Zauf-e-Kulya (renal weakness), Daffe-e-Baul ka ikhtilal (urinary dysfunction), and Istisqa (dropsy) accentuate the manifestations of CKD. Scholars like Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicenna emphasized the role of humoral imbalance and renal purification in systemic health. Avicenna notably linked Fasad-e-Mizaj (temperamental derangement) with renal dysfunction and advised dietary regulation and herbal interventions (Muqawwi-e-Kilya) for prevention and management of CKD. This integrated perspective highlights the importance of understanding CKD both through modern pathophysiological mechanisms and traditional holistic frameworks for comprehensive care.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs); Humoral Imbalance; Dietary intervention and Greco-Arabic management

Background: Hospital management remains a major challenge for ensuring quality care in a context marked by multiple health issues. This study aimed to identify the components of hospital management and assess the practices and approaches implemented at the District Referral Hospital Center (DRHC) of Moramanga.
Methods: An evaluative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods approach was conducted using retrospective data from 2022 to 2024. All staff members with at least six months of seniority were included. Data were collected through standards-based assessment grids and staff interviews, then analyzed according to the Donabedian model focusing on structure, process, and outcomes of care.
Results: Results showed a very high budget execution rate of approximately 99.5% over the study period, reflecting effective resource management despite a slight decline. Equipment coverage was satisfactory overall, reaching 80.94%. Reception and patient intake services were adequately organized, with six of eight required standards available, including triage systems, dedicated staff, and structured reception areas. Hospital activity trends revealed marked increase in outpatient consultations in 2023 followed by a slight decline in 2024. Efficiency indicators showed a stable average length of stay of around 2.4 days, while the bed occupancy rate slightly decreased from 20.6 in 2022 to 19 in 2023. The hospital utilization rate also progressively declined from 0.8% to 0.52%.
Conclusion: The need to strengthen medical staffing and increase revenue through investments, particularly by creating improved inpatient accommodation conditions, is evident in order to improve the quality of care and hospital performance, while taking into account the specific needs of patients and staff.
Keywords: donabedian; hospital; management; madagascar

Spam detection remains a critical challenge in natural language processing (NLP) and cybersecurity, with over 50% of global email traffic consisting of unwanted messages. This comprehensive study presents an extensive comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms and text vectorization techniques for spam classification, evaluating seven distinct machine learning models across four feature engineering approaches using multiple large-scale datasets comprising over 15,000 messages. Our experimental results demonstrate that XGBoost achieves the highest overall performance with 94.4% accuracy and 95.4% precision, while ensemble methods consistently outperform traditional approaches by 5-7%. The research reveals that text vectorization techniques show minimal performance variance (less than 0.3% accuracy difference), with Bag of Words (BoW) achieving slightly superior results at 87.9% accuracy. These findings highlight the critical importance of algorithmic sophistication over feature complexity for spam detection systems, providing evidence-based guidance for practical deployment in cybersecurity applications. The study contributes novel insights into ensemble method superiority and establishes comprehensive benchmarks for spam detection research.
Keywords: Spam Detection; Machine Learning; Ensemble Methods; XGBoost; Random Forest; Text Vectorization; Cybersecurity; Natural Language Processing

The rambling-trembling decomposition of the center-of-pressure (CoP) trajectory during quiet standing separates slow supraspinal drift (rambling) from fast peripheral oscillation (trembling). The decomposition is empirically robust, has substantial clinical reproducibility, and is sensitive to cognitive load, aging, and neurological disease, yet a quarter century after its introduction [Zatsiorsky and Duarte, 2000] it remains mechanistically unexplained. Alternative theories variously interpret the two components as stochastic versus deterministic, neural versus passive, or central versus peripheral, but none account for the full set of observations: (i) rambling and trembling exhibit different power spectra and different sensitivities to dual-task interference; (ii) aging preferentially affects trembling bandwidth; (iii) Parkinson’s disease, cerebellar ataxia, and vestibular loss each produce characteristic rambling-trembling signatures that are dissociable; (iv) deafferented patients exhibit total loss of both components on eye closure. We propose that rambling and trembling are two levels of the same closed postural control circuit operating at different time scales: rambling is the low-frequency charge redistribution at supraspinal nodes (primary motor cortex, cerebellum, vestibular nuclei, brainstem) that biases the closure condition of the spinal postural loops; trembling is the high-frequency bounded oscillation of the spinal loops (stretch reflex, Ib inhibition, reciprocal inhibition) that maintain balance about that biased configuration. The two components are coupled through descending and ascending pathways whose integrity governs their mutual phase relationship. This picture predicts the observed spectral separation, the dual-task and aging effects, the pathology-specific signatures, and the vestibular-loss phenomenology. We develop the prediction quantitatively, specify a multi-sensor wearable protocol (smartphone/smartwatch inertial measurement unit [IMU], photoplethysmography [PPG], wrist-worn electromyography [EMG], ankle-mounted force-sensing insole) for non-invasive extraction of both components, derive consistency conditions across sensors, and report validation results from numerical simulations that reproduce the spectral structure of human postural sway, the dual-task effect (40-55% sway increase under cognitive load), the rambling-trembling spectral separation (> 90% correlation with ground-truth decomposition), and the predicted signatures of deafferentation, Parkinsonian rigidity, and cerebellar ataxia. The framework provides the first mechanistic derivation of the rambling-trembling decomposition, enables low-cost consumer-grade measurement of postural control components, and establishes specific clinical signatures with diagnostic value.
Keywords: postural control; rambling; trembling; quiet standing; wearable sensors; inertial measurement units; center of pressure; closed-loop motor control; dual-task; Parkinson’s disease; cerebellar ataxia; consumer health technology

We are becoming more and more dependent on digital communication, which makes protecting data from cyber threats a top priority. Threats from quantum computing, complex cyberattacks, and weaknesses in IoT devices are only a few examples of the modern security issues that traditional cryptographic models and network security protocols frequently fail to handle [1, 2]. Cybercriminals are using vulnerabilities in antiquated security systems more frequently as technology develops, which makes the need for creative defence tactics to grow. The Hybrid Adaptive Security Model (HASM) proposed in this study integrates cutting-edge cryptographic innovations such blockchain-based authentication methods, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven anomaly detection, and quantum-resistant encryption [3, 4]. HASM provides a multi-layered, dynamic defence strategy that adjusts to threats in real time while preserving system confidentiality and integrity. Post-quantum cryptography (PQR) algorithms like New Hope, machine learning methods like Isolation Forest for anomaly detection, and smart contracts for decentralised identity verification are some of the elements of this architecture that we develop and assess. When compared to traditional systems, the testing results demonstrate a significant improvement in threat detection accuracy (96%), increased encryption strength, and decreased susceptibility in authentication processes. According to the survey, there is an increasing demand for a unified cybersecurity framework that uses cutting-edge technologies to safeguard private information in increasingly intricate digital environments. For future applications in industries where security is crucial, HASM provides a solid framework.
Keywords: Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC); AI Security; Blockchain Authentication; IoT Security; Hybrid Security Framework; HASM

This study demonstrates that applying artificial intelligence (AI) to chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) process control significantly reduces rework rates and enhances manufacturing efficiency. We propose a hierarchical AI CMP controller featuring an auto-tuning capability. This integrated hierarchical reinforcement learning (iHRL) framework is designed to mitigate CMP variations arising from removal rate decay and pattern density fluctuations. The iHRL agent utilizes a structured wafer-to-wafer and lot-to-lot control architecture. Results demonstrate that the self-learning auto-tuning mechanism effectively minimizes the CMP rework rate. Furthermore, comprehensive simulations indicate that the proposed controller enhances average manufacturing efficiency by more than double digits compared to the conventional run-to-run controller.
Keywords: semiconductor manufacturing; chemical mechanical planarization; artificial intelligence

There is a concern whether social networks are the beast as envisioned by the eschatologist Jean, greedy of social interactions in practical terms rather than simply connecting better humans in the real world. This paper gives insights on the improbability that Internet social networks eased the emergence of a new bright connected planet empowering technology to brighten every horizon of the planet, on the shoulders of two decades of practicing social networks from Hi5 to TikTok through Facebook/Instagram/Threads via Orkut. Our results reveal that the interactions facilitated by these social networks are very real. However, these social networks sometimes generate an overload of information seriously affecting the analysis and attention capacity of users of various digital literacies. This is particularly the case of Youtube, and worse TikTok, on which we rely to illustrate this fact by gathering a set of data from the activity of @hanifrabbanihaqqani account private datasets, broadcasting since 2023g, 1445h as the contemporary imam of the rawdah, streaming from french maturity without precedent-ness recorded.

Migraine is a widespread and impairing nervous disorder that affects millions of people worldwide (Wang et al., 2023). The existing treatment programs often fail to be effective due to the partial nature of symptom management and numerous side effects, which leads most patients to consider alternative or complementary treatments (Puledda et al., 2023). The white paper is an assessment of a patented migraine headache treatment modality that uses six proprietary blends, mainly natural compounds. The method involves a graded, systematic dose schedule over a defined treatment period. This review aims to evaluate the prospects of this patented intervention to propel migraine management in health facilities. The formulated analysis focuses on clinical relevance, mechanistic justification, and the implications of integrative and personalized medicine. Even though large-scale clinical validation has yet to be conducted, the patented approach offers an appealing framework for discussing the multifactorial etiology of migraines. It aligns with the emerging trend of delivering healthcare holistically and through a systems approach.

Advancing ADHD Treatment Through Integrative Formulations and Personalized Administration Protocols explores a novel approach to ADHD management that moves beyond traditional neurotransmitter-focused therapies. ADHD is described as a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition influenced not only by dopamine and norepinephrine pathways but also by metabolic, inflammatory, nutritional, and environmental factors. Current stimulant-based treatments, while effective for some individuals, often present limitations including side effects, inconsistent outcomes, lack of personalization, and challenges with long-term adherence.

The paper introduces a patented dual-formulation model delivered through a staged administration protocol. The first formulation targets neurochemical balance and executive function through ingredients that support dopaminergic signaling, cognitive performance, and neuroprotection. The second formulation addresses systemic and environmental contributors to ADHD by supporting metabolic regulation, mineral balance, and broader physiological stability. A defining feature of the model is its event-based timing strategy, aligning supplementation with cognitive demands and emphasizing personalized administration.

Supporting literature highlights ADHD’s association with systemic dysregulation, including inflammation, oxidative stress, gut-brain interactions, sleep disruption, and metabolic imbalance. Evidence is presented to support the biological plausibility of both formulations, along with preliminary observational data suggesting improvements in focus, task completion, and stress tolerance without stimulant-related adverse effects.

Overall, the patented framework proposes an integrative, precision-oriented model that complements existing therapies rather than replacing them. By translating emerging neuroscience and systems-biology research into a structured protocol, the approach aims to bridge gaps between scientific insight and practical clinical application while contributing to the evolving landscape of personalized ADHD treatment.

Insulin resistance is a primary pathologic process that causes type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and associated endocrine disorders. Although pharmacologic therapy like metformin and insulin sensitizers are available, incomplete metabolic control, a significant number of the patient’s experiences adverse effects, or progressive disease. The reviewed patent invention in this white paper presents an innovative, combined approach to treatment of insulin resistance with eight proprietary formulations used following a time-based dose pattern. The method aims to solve the problem of insulin resistance as a multifactorial metabolic malfunction of disrupted glucose use, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, micronutrient imbalance, and cellular signaling changes. The goal of the patented approach based on the combination of targeted nutraceutical compounds, botanical extracts, amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants is to restore insulin sensitivity, enhance metabolic biomarkers, and decrease the need to resort to traditional pharmacotherapy. This white paper is a scientific assessment of the rationale, design of formulation, treatment protocol, and possible clinical implications of the insulin resistance treatment methodology as patented.

Bill and Coo formulations represent a systems-based approach to companion animal supplementation, designed to influence multiple physiological pathways rather than targeting isolated outcomes. These formulations are developed to support immune function, gastrointestinal balance, connective tissue integrity, and integumentary health through the use of bioavailable and synergistic ingredients. This integrated strategy reflects a shift toward functional nutrition, where supplementation is used to optimize biological systems at both the cellular and systemic level.

This paper evaluates the scientific foundation underlying each formulation within the Bill and Coo portfolio. Emphasis is placed on ingredient composition, mechanistic function, and clinical relevance within the context of modern veterinary nutrition. By examining how these formulations interact with key biological systems, this analysis highlights the role of targeted nutraceutical supplementation in supporting physiological resilience, maintaining homeostasis, and promoting long-term health outcomes in companion animals.

I recall that in my father’s time, (b 1928) they used ether in the demist office. He reported that it was like going on a long trip travelling here and there. (Incidentally he reported the same thing when on morphine for a broken hip recovery).
Her and my mother made sure that our teeth were looked after. It was expensive in the 1970’s and 1980’s to get a cleaning and a filling. My sister and I concluded that our dentist did dental work that wasn’t at all necessary. He will drill molars after an excreting local anastatic in the roof of the mouth even when there were no cavities. She and I came to the same conclusion after we switched demist. Our new demist rarely did a cavity filling. Of course, the needles were much more benign in the 1990’s. You just fill a little pinch. It made going to the demist a lot easier. In fact, going to the dentist in the 1970’s and 80’s made me depressed I realize now. Better to go to a busy practice. We got soaked as one of his few patients.

Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) exhibit robust regenerative abilities that vary across species, body regions, and evolutionary lineages. This manuscript synthesizes classical and contemporary research on annelid regeneration—including wound closure, immune activation, blastema formation, segment reconstruction, and ventral nerve cord regrowth—and integrates these mechanisms with ecological observations from Prince Edward Island (PEI) earthworm communities. Drawing from cellular, molecular, and transcriptomic studies, we outline the processes that enable successful regeneration and contrast them with taxa that have lost regenerative capacity. We also contextualize regeneration within earthworm immunity, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and segmental patterning. Figures illustrate the regeneration sequence, coelomocyte dynamics, molecular pathways, and comparative outcomes. This synthesis provides a mechanistic foundation for interpreting regeneration in PEI earthworm species and supports future ecological and applied research.
Keywords: earthworm regeneration; blastema; neuroregeneration; fibrosis; tissue engineering

The oral cavity is a mirror of systemic health and acts as a gateway for many systemic diseases. More than 700 bacterial species in oral cavity. Bacterial Species belongs to genera gemella, granulicatella, streptococcus salivarius, S. mitis, Actinomyces, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, haemophilus and veillonella There are approximately 10¹³ cells per gram of germs present from the mouth to the anus, indicating that the oral cavity is an important entry point of the gut system. Around 2 billion germs are present in the oral cavity.

The continuous emergence of drug resistance, limitations of conventional therapeutics, and the growing burden of infectious and chronic diseases have intensified the search for novel biological targets in medicinal chemistry. Emerging biological targets such as kinases, proteases, ion channels, and parasite-specific metabolic pathways have gained substantial attention due to their pivotal roles in cellular signaling, pathogen survival, and disease progression. Protein kinases regulate numerous intracellular pathways associated with cancer, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, making them attractive targets for selective therapeutic intervention. Proteases are involved in viral replication, tumor metastasis, apoptosis, and microbial virulence, thereby offering opportunities for the development of protease inhibitors with broad clinical applications. Ion channels represent crucial membrane proteins that regulate electrical signaling, neurotransmission, and ion homeostasis, and their dysregulation has been implicated in cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic disorders. In parasitic diseases, pathogen-specific metabolic pathways provide selective drug targets with minimal host toxicity, especially in malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. This mini-review highlights recent advances in the identification and therapeutic exploitation of these emerging targets, discusses current challenges associated with selectivity and resistance, and summarizes modern strategies including structure-based drug design, computational modeling, and nanotechnology-assisted delivery systems. The review underscores the importance of integrating molecular biology, medicinal chemistry, and artificial intelligence-driven approaches to accelerate the discovery of safer and more effective therapeutics.
Keywords: Kinases; Proteases; Ion Channels; Parasite-Specific Pathways; Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry; Targeted Therapeutics

In an era defined by relentless productivity and digital immediacy, the human collective is facing an unprecedented crisis of exhaustion. We have synchronized our lives with the pacing of our machines, treating rest as a luxury rather than a biological and existential necessity. To safeguard our collective future, we must intentionally slow down, pivoting away from perpetual acceleration toward a holistic framework that integrates physical vitality, mental resilience, and spiritual alignment.

The physiological consequences of our high-paced lifestyles are well-documented.

Introduction: The objective of This study aimed to determine the prevalence of infant and child malnutrition and associated factors.
Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bengamisa Health Zone with 167 households during the period from April 12 to June 25, 2025. Logistic regression was used to search for factors associated with child malnutrition.
Results: The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 15%, while the prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition was 8.3% and 7.1%, respectively, for severe acute malnutrition. Complete childhood vaccination (aOR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.13-0.41) and a “Good” overall maternal knowledge level (aOR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.28-0.56) reduced the risk of childhood malnutrition.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of malnutrition remains high in all its forms. Complete childhood vaccination and maternal overall knowledge were associated factors. Mothers should be encouraged to continue CPS (Community-Based Post-Prevention) after their children have completed their vaccination schedule.
Keywords: Prevalence; malnutrition; associated factors; Tshopo

Introduction: Care of the full dentition involves Oral Hygiene practices which include brushing use of floss and irrigation. Aim: Discussion: The various methods available are reviewed and endorses the level of success by reaffirmation of the thoroughness of implementation by the subject. Conclusion: Thers is no best method for Plaque removal, but success depends on the proficiency used rather than the method.
Keywords: Brushing; biofilm; flossing; irrigation; oral-hygiene; plaque