Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) has been defined as the manifestation of dermatological conditions, mucosal disorders, and general symptoms causally associated with residing or working in specific buildings. Although the term designates the building itself as “sick,” the actual sufferers are its occupants, whose health and productivity are affected by environmental factors. This article synthesizes findings from medical, environmental, and architectural research to examine SBS as both a clinical phenomenon and a socio-environmental issue, highlighting its implications for workplace productivity, design practices, and regulatory frameworks.
Keywords: Indoor health; indoor comfort; sick building; wellness architecture

Sustainability has moved from narrative to necessity, and the next phase of ESG is no longer about intent—it is about engineering: how organizations measure, validate, and operationalize environmental and social performance with the same rigor they apply to financial reporting, safety, and quality. Yet many ESG programs still depend on fragmented spreadsheets, inconsistent boundaries, and “best effort” estimates that cannot withstand assurance. This creates a trust gap that slows decision-making, limits access to sustainable finance, and undermines confidence among regulators, investors, employees, and customers.
This editorial proposes a practical engineering approach to close that gap: build an audit-ready “Sustainability Data Stack” that integrates materiality, data architecture, calculation engines, internal controls, and decision loops. The objective is not to produce more dashboards, but to create traceable, reproducible sustainability metrics that reliably inform capital allocation, procurement, product design, and risk management. The article outlines design principles (traceability, interoperability, governance by design, and human-centered workflows), a reference architecture, and a staged implementation roadmap—from a minimum viable system to enterprise-scale integration. Finally, it argues that the organizations most prepared for the low-carbon economy will be those that treat ESG as a systems engineering challenge: measurable, testable, and continuously improved.
Keywords: Sustainability engineering; ESG data; engineering management; audit readiness; digital transformation

Student engagement is essential for academic achievement and emotional well-being, encompassing behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. In face-to-face education, fostering engagement helps create learning environments that are both effective—meeting curricular goals—and affective—nurturing motivation and belonging. Technology-assisted strategies are especially valuable for helping teachers detect disengagement in real time and personalize their responses. These adaptive actions support greater student focus and commitment, enabling a teaching process that integrates both effectiveness and emotional connection.
EnganchAI, derived from the fusion of “Engagement” and “AI” (Artificial Intelligence), introduces a proof of concept (PoC) for real-time student engagement analysis in physical classrooms using computer vision technologies. Designed for low resource environments, this platform employs a YOLO-based model trained on custom-labeled datasets to process live video feeds, classifying engagement levels (Engaged, Bored, Frustrated and Confused). By providing actionable insights, EnganchAI enables educators to adapt teaching strategies dynamically, fostering more effective and affective learning experiences.
The PoC was tested both in controlled environments and in real classroom scenarios, ensuring accurate performance measurements and validation of its real-time capabilities. These trials were conducted under strict confidentiality protocols to protect personal data and ensure compliance with privacy regulations. The platform demonstrated promising results, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 70.25% and an inference response time under 2 seconds. Future iterations will focus on refining datasets, enhancing model accuracy, and expanding functionalities to support broader adoption.
Keywords: Engagement Analysis; Artificial Intelligence; Affective Learning; Computer Vision; Classroom Technology

In this paper we will consider a re-interpretation of principal component analysis (PCA) for the case of time series of correlated data where the principal components are partly covered in noise, so that only in a part of the considered frequency band, the principal components are visible. In this case it might be useful to consider a representation of the spectral density matrix that is a real and one-sided function of frequency, in this paper denoted the covariance spectrum, which is directly representing the covariance matrix as a function of frequency. This means that if a principal component is dominating in a narrow frequency band, it might not be visible on the time domain, but be visible in the narrow band. The covariance spectrum can then be added in the considered band to represent the covariance matrix of the principal component, and classical PCA can be used to illustrate the properties of the principal component. Basic theory is introduced, and the principle is illustrated on a case with two harmonics in white noise acting on an arbitrary mechanical system.

Medicine is the science and practice of diagnosing, treating and preventing disease and involves clinical medicine, research and public health where there is preventing disease and promoting health at a population level. Key areas of medicine are Pediatrics which is the care of infants, Surgery: operative procedures and pharmacology which is the study of medications.

Bacterial infections are a major constraint in freshwater aquaculture worldwide and cause significant economic losses due to fish morbidity and mortality. In Telangana, aquaculture is expanding but data on pathogenic bacteria affecting cultured fish are limited. This study investigated the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens in freshwater fish and aquaculture environments in Telangana State. Sampling was conducted from fish farms and culture ponds near Siddipet and surrounding districts. Fish exhibiting clinical signs were examined, and bacterial isolates were obtained from gill, skin, and internal tissues. Isolates were identified through morphological, biochemical, and molecular (16S rRNA) characterization. Key pathogens detected included Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Several isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-forming capability. Water quality parameters were correlated with pathogen prevalence. Findings underscore the need for routine disease surveillance, improved farm management, and targeted control strategies in Telangana’s aquaculture systems.
Keywords: Bacterial pathogens; Freshwater Aquaculture; Aeromonas hydrophila; Antimicrobial resistance; fish health and 16S rRNA

Background: The therapeutic landscape for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has shifted from a glucocentric paradigm to one focused on organ protection and weight management. While Glucagon- like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are now cornerstones of care, concerns regarding “iatrogenic sarcopenia” have emerged. Current evaluations often rely on Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), which fails to capture muscle quality. This study aims to synthesize evidence from advanced imaging trials to clarify how these drugs remodel skeletal muscle and to propose a phenotype-guided prescribing framework.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to January 2026. We prioritized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction (PDFF) or Computed Tomography (CT) radiodensity (Hounsfield Units, HU) to assess myosteatosis and muscle quality, alongside functional outcomes (e.g., gait speed).
Results: Analysis of landmark trials (SURPASS-3 MRI, STEP 1, SLIM LIVER) reveals distinct remodeling patterns. Incretin-based therapies (e.g., Tirzepatide, Semaglutide) induce significant weight loss and absolute lean mass reduction. However, Tirzepatide significantly reduced muscle fat infiltration (-0.36%, p<0.0001) beyond what weight loss alone predicts, indicating a “quality optimization” effect. Despite muscle volume loss, functional metrics (gait speed) were preserved or improved, attributed to an enhanced power-to-weight ratio. Conversely, SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin) demonstrated a “muscle-sparing” profile. Dapagliflozin increased paraspinal muscle radiodensity (+1.61 HU, p<0.01) without mass loss. Empagliflozin rapidly improved gait speed (+0.08 m/s, p<0.001) in frail older adults, suggesting bioenergetic enhancement.
Conclusions: GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors exert heterogeneous effects on the musculo-adipose unit. Incretins act as “Quality Optimizers” via deep lipid clearance, while SGLT2 inhibitors act as “Mass Preservers” and bioenergetic enhancers. We propose a “Cardiogeriatric Vulnerability Phenotype” framework to guide precision prescribing, ensuring metabolic benefits translate to long-term functional independence.
Keywords: Skeletal muscle quality; Myosteatosis; GLP-1 receptor agonists; SGLT2 inhibitors; Sarcopenia; Phenotype-guided therapy

People continually interact to sell their products and to purchase other goods and services that are necessary for themselves and their loved ones, since no one can produce or possess everything. Their appreciation of exchange quality and price affects players in relationships. Underestimating the goods or services a producer provides can lead to negative feelings, affecting their inner world. A persistent discouraging mental state disturbs their balance. Sleep disorders, depression, and heart health issues are some of the clinical manifestations of being disappointed by exchanges.

The evolving healthcare landscape has blurred the traditional boundaries between clinical medicine and public health. Pediatricians, once primarily focused on individual patient management, now face growing responsibilities in addressing population-level determinants of child health. Rising antimicrobial resistance, vaccine hesitancy, climate-related illnesses, nutritional disorders, and emerging infectious diseases underscore the urgent need for integrated strategies. This article explores the expanding role of pediatricians as community educators, disease surveillance contributors, health policy advocates, and system-level leaders. Strengthening collaboration between hospital-based care and public health frameworks is essential for sustainable child health improvements. Integrating preventive strategies into routine pediatric practice can enhance population health outcomes, reduce healthcare burdens, and promote resilient health systems globally.
Keywords: Pediatrics; Public Health; Preventive Medicine; Community Health; Health Systems; Antimicrobial Stewardship

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Apocynin, a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol derived from Picrorhiza kurroa, has gained attention for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review evaluates the role of apocynin in cardiovascular health, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Relevant experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies were analyzed to assess its impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, platelet aggregation, endothelial function, and cardiovascular health. Apocynin has been shown to inhibit NADPH oxidase, thereby reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigating oxidative damage. Studies indicate that it helps maintain vascular integrity, prevents endothelial dysfunction, and modulates inflammatory pathways involved in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Additionally, apocynin's role in regulating platelet activation and improving nitric oxide bioavailability suggests its potential in preventing ischemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Apocynin exhibits promising cardioprotective properties by targeting key pathological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. Its ability to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombolytic properties enables it as a potential game-changer in cardiovascular therapy. However, further clinical trials are needed to determine its efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term safety in humans.
Keywords: Apocynin; NADPH oxidase inhibitor; cardioprotective thrombolytic; anti-platelet; cardiovascular diseases

Background: Messenger RNA (m RNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the Ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. m RNA mostly obtained from Saliva, Blood, Urine and Serum by non – invasive methods as diagnostic tool for analysis of OSCC. It is most frequently collected from Saliva simply by Swab Technique, Spitting Technique and Collecting Tube Technique. There are several methods for the test and most commonly used are Qiagen RNA Protect Saliva Mini Kit, Nanosensor Test & Magnetic m RNA Isolation Kit. The Samples can be analyzed either by Microarray Technique or Quantitative PCR Technique. The results show missing 3’ Poly – A tail of most salivary RNAs in Quantitative PCR Technique and sequence of amino acids of gene expression pattern for Oral Cancer through Microarray Technique suggesting m RNA as Biomarker for OSCC. This technique is absolutely non-invasive and comfort to the patients and its applications are in Oral Cancer, Forensic, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Sleep Deprivation and Health Surveillance. On conclusion, we can say Salivary Testing is non-invasive, making it an effective alternative to serum testing and the possibility of developing home testing kits that would further facilitate it as a diagnostic aid, enabling patient to monitor their own health at home. It is also important for those who have far from their treatment centres and especially for those at risk of developing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Keywords: m RNA; Biomarker; Microarray Technique; PCR; Forensic; Sjogren’s syndrome; Health Surviellance; OSCC

Mucoadhesive oral suspensions are novel approach to overcome the limitations of traditional oral drug delivery system including rapid salivary washout, enzymatic degradation, low solubility, and extensive first pass metabolism. These formulations significantly expand mucosal residence time, increase local and systemic absorption, by forming strong interactions between therapeutic polymers and mucin glycoproteins, and hence increase the overall therapeutic efficacy. The basic design parameters in these systems include the rational choice of mucoadhesive polymers, the ability to control viscosity, tuning of drug polymer compatibility, particle size, and fining of pH, ionic balance, and diffusion, erosion, and swelling based release. Evaluation methods based on in vitro studies such as mucoadhesive strength tests, detachment force tests, plate methods of Wilhelmy, wash off tests, ex vivo residence tests, and the overall stability profiling give predictive indication of the desired behavior of such suspensions in-vivo. The recent developments in the discipline, including the introduction of nanoparticles of systems, combo systems of polymer, hybrid suspension gel technologies and 3D print constructions highlight the growing versatility and predictivity of these delivery modes, culminating in an anticipated pivotal role in future accurate oral therapeutics.
Keywords: Mucoadhesive Suspensions; Oral Drug Delivery; Controlled Release

Gelatin based nanoparticles (GNPs) produced using desolvents of gelatine have become a high interest as a biocompatible and versatile nanoparticle system for pharmaceutical and biological field. In this manuscript, an in depth analysis of the basic principles of desolvation is presented which includes solvent induced aggregation, polymer solvent thermodynamics, and gelatin type, molecular weight distribution, and critical process parameters. Classical two step desolvation and optimized one step processes are analyzed and compared to new invention scenarios of green, microfluidics assisted, ultrasonics, supercritical fluid and AI guided fabrication processing strategies, focusing on scalability, reproducibility and environmentally inspired strategies. Advances in cross linking methodologies that employ chemical, natural and physical stabilization approaches are reviewed in the light of stability, biodegradation, and drug release behaviour of nanoparticles. Characterization techniques are highlighted and the relevance of invitro and in vivo correlations for clinical translation is made. Finally, the wide ranging pharmaceutical potential of GNPs in drug, gene, and vaccine delivery, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine is outlined, making desolvation derived gelatin nanoparticles a promising platform for next generation precision nanomedicine.
Keywords: Gelatin Nanoparticle; Desolvation; Nanocarriers; Biomedical Applications

Poor aqueous solubility is a significant hurdle in the development of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class 2 and 4 candidates, which often leads to poor dissolution, poor gastrointestinal absorption and poor oral bioavailability. This review makes an effort to examine in detail the inherent and extrinsic factors that affects solubility, taking consideration of such aspects as molecular architecture, crystalline lattice enthalpy, ionisation behaviour, hydrogen bonding potential, the pH gradient through the gastrointestinal tract and the occurrence of endogenous surfactants as well as the complexities of the supersaturation permeability interplay. Conventional strategies based on particle size reduction, pH regulation, salt formation, co-solvent system, solubilization mediated by surfactants and complexation of cyclodextrins provide foundation that is often found to have limitations in terms of physicochemical stability, limitations related to scaleup and precipitation phenomena in case of dilution. Recent advances in nanotechnology and materials science have introduced high efficacious strategies, represented by amorphous solid dispersions, nanocrystals, polymeric and lipid based carriers along with mesoporous carriers and supercritical fluid processing. Emerging platforms, especially co-amorphous formulations, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, hybrid nanostructures and 3D printing of dosage units increases solubility and bioavailability even more. Collectively, these innovations supported by AI enabled predictive modeling are promising giants toward the realization of strong patient centric solutions for poorly water soluble therapeutics.
Keywords: Solubility enhancement; Amorphous solid dispersions; Nanotechnology; Lipid based drug delivery; Poorly water soluble drugs

Niosomal drug delivery systems have become versatile drug nanocarriers because of its structural flexibility, physicochemical stability, cost effectiveness and capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutic agents. It composed of mainly of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol, niosomes provide controlled release of the drugs, improved bioavailability and better pharmacokinetic profiles as compared to conventional delivery systems. This is a critical analysis of the technological development of niosomes focusing on the most important physicochemical and biopharmaceutical variables that modulate the stability of the vesicle, the loading of the drug, the biodistribution and the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation. Advances in formulation strategies such as one such approach: microfluidic fabrication, surface functionalization, stimuli-responsive designs, and hybrid architectures, have greatly increased their biomedical uses in the fields of oncology, dermatology, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, gene and vaccine delivery. Mechanistic understandings of cellular uptake, barrier penetration, and control release are pointed out. In spite of some significant progress, there are still challenges concerning long term stability, large scale manufacturing, and harmonizing regulations. Future combination of Quality by Design, artificial intelligence, and continuous manufacturing is likely to facilitate clinical translation of niosomal nanomedicines.
Keywords: Niosomes; Nanotechnology; Controlled drug delivery system; Stimuli-responsive systems; Biomedical applications

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have become a key patient centric oral dosage form that is designed to dissolve quickly in the mouth without the need of water, which aids in improving oral adherence (in pediatric, geriatric, dysphagic and other special care patients). This review looks at a broad review of how ODT technology has evolved over the decades, from early lyophilized and moulded systems to modern robust systems that make use of direct compression, particle engineering and additive manufacturing techniques. The discussion focuses on key formulation principles such as critical quality attributes, excipient functionality and process considerations including a special emphasis on achieving the best balance between fast rate of disintegration, mechanical strength and palatability. Advanced taste masking approaches, including microencapsulation, hot melt coating, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, nanotechnology based systems and 3D printing based designs are critically reviewed to explain the efficacy and limitations of the taste masking methods. Furthermore, biopharmaceutical aspects of saliva mediated drug release, kinetics of absorption, solubility permeability issues, lack of dependence on food and water intake, and biopharmaceutical regulatory are highlighted to offer a holistic view. Emerging innovations of personalized and precision oral drug delivery such as 3D printing, smart ODTs and multifunctional excipients are driving the future of personalized and precision oral drug delivery, with new developments and possibilities for customized therapeutic regimens. In summary, ODT technology is evolving as a versatile and clinically relevant technology that fills therapeutic and patient needs that are lacking.
Keywords: Orally disintegrating tablets; Formulation of taste masking; Patient centered drug delivery; Biopharmaceutical considerations of taste masking; 3D printing

Floating bilayer tablets (FBT’s) comprise a complex gastroretentive drug delivery system, which counteracts the several shortcomings associated with conventional oral dosage forms. These deficiencies include gastric transit time variability, absorptive window constraint and pH dependence of solubility. By making use of the gastric retention capability of buoyancy in combination with the architecture of a two layer system, FBTs enable the biphasic release of drugs, an immediate release system for therapeutic onset followed by a floating paradigm designed for a prolonged drug release in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. This manuscript provides a comprehensive and analytical presentation of the FBT technology, including the basic principles underlying the use of gastroretention and the underlying mechanism details for buoyancy, relevant material science issues, and modern manufacturing techniques. Recent technological breakthroughs such as nanostructured bilayer systems, stimuli responsive polymers, ultra low density matrices, 3D printing and supported formulation modelling are critically reviewed in terms of their contribution to formulation robustness, predictability of release of clinical efficacy. The preclinical and clinical relevance as well as safety, stability, regulatory issues and future research initiatives are also discussed. Overall, floating bilayer tablets show great promise as a patient centric, next generation oral delivery system, which shows great potential for personalized and controlled drug release.
Keywords: Floating Bilayer Tablet; Gastro retentive delivery; Biphasic Tablet; New formulation technology

Hypertension is a chronic heart disease that requires a course of therapeutic drugs; however, traditional oral antihypertensive agents often face constraints related to non optimal adherence to medication, variable pharmacokinetics, and strong first pass hepatic bio-transformation. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have become a patient centric option that is able to provide a sustained and controlled delivery of drugs, as well as maintain stable plasma levels, and reduce the number of doses. This review states the latest advances in transdermal patches technology which are specifically designed to control hypertension and it focuses on history of the advancement, design principle of the core, the polymer used, the modes of permeability promotion, and optimization of the formulations. Modern technologies such as microneedle delivery, incorporation of nanocarriers into matrices and stimuli responsive polymers have significantly extended the range of antihypertensive drugs to which transdermal delivery can be applied. In vitro and in vivo techniques of analyzing mechanical integrity, release kinetics, dermal permeation and therapeutic efficacy are discussed. In addition, it discusses some of the new directions like combinatory patches, biosensor based intelligent systems, and AI assisted formulation design, thus showing how TDDS can enable patient specific, effective, and efficient treatment of hypertension.
Keywords: Smart drug delivery systems; controlled drug delivery; hypertension; Transdermal patches; permeation enhancers

Modified release dosage forms are designed in order to control the release of the drug, optimize the pharmacokinetic profiles and the adherence of patients in comparison to conventional immediate release systems. This review defines the historical evolution, categorization and formulation strategies of these technologies ranging from hydrophilic and hydrophobic matrix systems to reservoir based designs, osmotic mechanisms and gastroretentive approaches. It focuses on how the polymer properties, solubility of the drug and the kinetic pathway affect the controlled release of therapeutics. In vitro evaluation methodologies such as dissolution profiling in biorelevant media, mathematical modelling, swelling erosion assessment, morphological characterization and stability evaluation are discussed to demonstrate the use of such methodologies to predict in vivo performance. Pharmaceutical application, throughout chronic disease management and site specific delivery, emphasizes the therapeutic benefit of MR systems in the long lasting plasma concentration, decreasing the number of administrations as well as ensuring safety. Emerging trends such as smart responsive materials, AI assisted formulation design and 3D printing are presented as future directions for personalized modified release dosage therapies.
Keywords: Modified release dosage forms; Matrix technology; Osmotic delivery; Gastroretentive systems; controlled drug release

At its core, engineering remains the application of science in order to solve real-world problems. What has changed is the degree to which information technology (IT) is embedded in engineering work.' It’s no longer just a value-addedit is working its way into the engineer’s toolkit at all stages of design, construction, and operation.

Engineering has always been synonymous with projects. From bridges and power plants to software systems and smart infrastructure, engineering work unfolds through time-bound, goal-oriented undertakings. Yet in recent decades, the intensification of projectification—the increasing reliance on temporary, cross-functional, and performance-driven projects as the primary mode of organizing work—has reshaped not only how engineering is executed, but how engineers experience their profession (Lundin et al., 2015; Hodgson et al., 2019). While this transformation has delivered flexibility, innovation, and responsiveness to technological complexity, it has also altered the foundations of professional identity, agency, and long-term sustainability in engineering careers. Engineering journals have traditionally focused on technical rigor, methodological advancement, and system performance. However, as projectification becomes the dominant organizing logic across private industry, public infrastructure, and digital ecosystems, it is increasingly clear that the sustainability of engineering outcomes depends not only on materials and methods, but on the identity conditions under which engineers work. If engineering is to meet contemporary challenges—climate adaptation, digital transformation, resilient infrastructure—it must confront a parallel question: How does projectification shape the professional identity, well-being, and agency of engineers?

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and autonomous agents into high-stakes decision-making loops has precipitated a critical challenge: the “black box” opacity of AI reasoning fosters user distrust and cognitive misalignment. While previous research, such as the NeuroDigital Adaptive Network (NDAN), established the architectural infrastructure for bidirectional neural data flow, the mechanism by which human physiological states dynamically calibrate trust in real-time remains under-explored. This paper introduces the Neuro-Symbiotic Synchronization (NSS) Protocol, a novel framework that utilizes continuous physiological monitoring (EEG, HRV, eye-tracking) to construct a dynamic “Trust Oscillator”. This closed-loop system adapts the complexity and explanation depth of AI responses based on the user’s inferred cognitive load and trust levels. We present a mathematical model of trust dynamics and validate the architecture through a simulated human-in-the-loop scenario involving crisis management. Results indicate that biologically-informed adaptive interfaces significantly reduce cognitive load and improve decision accuracy compared to static AI interfaces, providing a robust pathway toward trustworthy human-AI symbiosis.
Keywords: Human-AI Collaboration; Trustworthy AI; Human-in-the-loop; Physiological Computing; Adaptive Interfaces; Neuro-Symbiotic Systems

This editorial mainly describes the state of the art of the current version of the public, access-free Google AI Gemini 3, compared to OpenAI ChatGPT-4 and the Turing Co. GPAI, from a Computer Science Professor and Software Engineer perspective. Other 6 AI tools are briefly discussed as well: Grammarly, Sidekicker.ai, JustDone, Turnitin, Moonlight, and Jenni.
Keywords: Gemini 3; ChatGPT-4; GPAI; Grammarly; Sidekicker.ai; JustDone; Turnitin; Moonlight; Jenni.ai

Coconut is an important cash crop in Thailand, especially in the Thap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. The total annual output exceeds around 600,000 tons for export consumption. Ten years ago, coconut growers suffered a decrease in both quantity and quality because coconut trees were destroyed and eventually died from insect pests, especially coconut beetles and coconut black-headed caterpillars. The obstacle to preventing and eliminating is the nature of tall coconut plants. Wind speed in coastal areas affects labor costs. The quantities of chemicals applied and the risk of chemical hazards that impact health costs. This research is the outcome of an expansion project to control coconut beetles and coconut black-headed caterpillars in Thap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, in 2021, which involved hand-spraying coconut shoots and expanding the area to 100 Rai. The research teams are focused on developing technology to control the treatment and reach the tops of coconuts, covering as much leaf area as possible. The methods mentioned above aimed to reduce chemical and nutrient waste, and to ensure that conventional manual labor methods could reach a critical part of the coconut shoot. In addition, the research team adjusted the spray nozzle to three levels to maximize pesticide application efficiency. The experiment showed that insecticide could be sprayed at a rate of 4.5-5.2 liters per minute, with a spray radius of 0.5-1.2 meters for continuous spraying and 6.5-8 meters for general spraying. The insect control system was effective continuously. The results indicated that this method could effectively control coconut beetles and coconut black-headed caterpillars in a demonstration plot in Thap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.
Keywords: Production potential; Coconut milk; Coconut beetle; Black-headed caterpillar

Achieving large-scale content-based publish-subscribe has been an ambitious research agenda that has received tremendous attention over the last two decades by researchers from distributed systems and networking communities. Simulations have been the most common approach for evaluating solutions. However, the research community on this topic neither has shared workload assumptions nor standard workload generation methodologies. As a result, each effort has introduced its own assumptions and ad-hoc workload generation methodologies. Also, comparison to related alternatives has often been neglected. This has made it difficult to understand the performance gains of one contribution over related alternatives. This paper reports an effort to enhance a workload generation tool for content-based publish-subscribe research using Google groups data. It is enhanced with a visual characterization of the generated workload, given a set of parameters. The workload generated can be characterized in terms of popularity and locality. The resulting software contributes to generating well-specified workloads, facilitates experiment reproducibility, and it will also be time-saving in evaluation processes.
Keywords: performance evaluation; distributed systems; workload characterization; workload generation; content-based publish subscribe