In the quest for materials with enhanced performance and tailored properties, scientists and engineers have turned to Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). These engineered materials exhibit a gradual transition in composition, structure, and properties, offering unique opportunities for innovation across numerous industries. By designing materials with specific property gradients, FGMs enable the development of advanced technologies that push the boundaries of traditional homogeneous materials.

Composition and Property Variations

Functionally Graded Materials are characterized by a controlled variation in composition from one end to the other. This composition gradient can include different materials or phases, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, or composites. The gradual change in composition leads to corresponding variations in material properties, including mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, magnetic and optical properties. This property tailoring allows FGMs to excel in applications that demand specific material behavior.

Aluminum casting is a manufacturing process that has been around for some time. This method has been used in making many aluminum products used as parts of aircraft, automobiles, turbines, and structures like bridges. Every cast product is expected to be of the desired and required strength so it will not fail on application. It is good to predetermine the strength of aluminum cast accurately at the design stage before casting. Therefore, we developed a model that can predict the aluminum cast's strength and other mechanical properties by studying the flow profile of liquid aluminum flowing through the mold.
Keywords: Strength of cast; Aluminum casting; Fluid mechanics; Flow properties

Based on the generalization of the theory of generalization of polyhedra, a method for linearizing the yield conditions of an arbitrary form, for plastic shells by inscribed and circumscribed hyperpolyhedra, has been developed. The technique allows one to obtain hyperpolyhedra with an arbitrary number of faces. The linearization technique is used to construct an algorithm and a program for automatic approximation of convex hypersurfaces by inscribed and circumscribed hyperpolyhedra with any number of faces. Automatic linearization of plasticity conditions for rigid-plastic shells made it possible to construct an effective method and PPP for calculating lower estimates for the bearing capacity of shallow shells with rectangular plan. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of programs due to the optimal choice of the number of faces of hyperpolytopes is obtained - polyhedra with a minimum number of faces are found, leading to estimates of the bearing capacity with a given accuracy. On the basis of the kinematic method of the theory of limit equilibrium and the use of the generalized Ioganson's yield condition, a method has been developed for calculating the bearing capacity of plates of a complex shape.
Keywords: Geometric modelling; bearing capacity; yield conditions; approximation; hypersurface; polyhedron; equilibrium; hyperpolyhedron; seismic resistance; design; plasticity theory; design; geometric modelling; rigid plasticity; six-dimensional space; surface; linearization; ultimate load; deformation; optimization; coefficient

Smart building management systems (SBMS) are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to improve the energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. This research uses Lora technology- the latest trend to deliver a secure wireless SBMS using very little power. LoRa devices involve incorporating wireless communication technology into building management systems to increase power efficiency, ensure safety by earlier earthquake and fire detection, providing safety instructions, escape routes to the occupants and alert to the local emergency response team, security to the end user, automation and monitoring capabilities. SBMS also provides advanced automation capabilities, such as automated lighting, heating, and cooling systems. These systems adjust in real-time based on the occupancy levels and other building parameters, providing optimal comfort to occupants while minimizing energy usage. The goal is to enhance comfort, safety, security and energy efficiency for the occupants.
LoRa offers long-range coverage and low power consumption, making it ideal for use in smart buildings.
Keywords: Internet of things (IOT); Smart buildings; Lora; Cloud computing

The easiest example of that entanglement is the emergence of nature, and humans within it. If one observes the most important natural food for humans, fruit was clearly shaped to work with humans. For example, our hands are not optimized for ripping oxen apart but shaped ideally for picking apples from a tree.
If we follow that thinking, we reap major benefits (energy, vitamins, fiber, clean water, etc.). The apple tree, since we are eating its gonads, benefits from our digestive system simply passing its undigested seeds along to Earth, surrounded by nutritious cover.

My awe of the biology of cancer led me to work around biomarkers for breast cancer. I have considered great importance in this venture to find the cause and the potential cure for this dreaded disease. We hope that one day, our novel biomarkers discovered from our sophisticated instruments and advanced bioinformatics tools will end breast cancer (Cation & Ramos, 2022). But unlike most types of cancer, mental disorders are presented differently in each patient, and their diagnosis is challenging to date. A mental illness is a medical disorder that affects a person's thoughts, feelings, or behavior (or all three) and results in functional challenges, suffering, and discrimination for the individual. Just like other diseases, mental illness can vary from mild to severe conditions and are treatable. The dynamic and ongoing process of searching for mental health biomarker discovery was born to address this emerging condition. Biomarker for mental health refers to measurable biological indicators that can be used to assess and monitor various aspects of mental health conditions (Glannon, 2022). These biomarkers include genetic, neurochemical, hormonal, neuroimaging, and physiological measurements. The development and utilization of biomarkers hold promise for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of mental health disorders.

Correcting refractive errors in children poses many challenges when left undetected and untreated. Spectacles have long been a trusted instrument for correcting refractive problems for students in academics and daily activities. This fact is essential to comprehend students' attitudes toward wearing glasses and their practice patterns to overcome potential obstacles and encourage the widespread use of correct spectacles. Cultural norms, personal preferences, peer influence, self-perception, and individual experiences often influence attitudes toward spectacle use among students. Many students understand the advantages of wearing spectacles and have a positive attitude toward them. They recognize that spectacles can improve their eyesight, enhance academic achievement, and simplify daily tasks. However, some students may not prioritize their visual health or understand the value of wearing spectacles. They might be unaware of how visual impairment affects their ability to focus on class or their overall well-being. Unfortunately, stigmatizing refractive problems can occasionally lead to negative opinions about wearing spectacles. Students may be reluctant to take advantage of the corrective benefits of spectacles due to concerns about being seen as "unattractive," which can make them feel self-conscious. Females are more likely than boys to stigmatize wearing spectacles because they tend to believe that females who wear spectacles are not ideal marriage candidates. They may also feel that wearing glasses hinders their participation in extracurricular activities. Peer pressure and the desire to fit in can influence students' opinions about wearing spectacles. Some students may choose not to wear spectacles if doing so is stigmatized or considered uncool by their peers to avoid teasing or exclusion. On the other hand, positive peer experiences or role models who wear spectacles can influence children to accept vision correction.

Fixators are internal or external rigid equipment that acts as stabilizing frames to hold broken bones in their proper anatomical positions while they heal. The application of a fixator is a complex procedure that is done in the operating theatre by orthopaedic and trauma surgeons. Fixators may be temporary or permanent, however, they are often indicated in fractures. Fractures may simply be understood as a partial or complete break in the continuity of bones. They may be caused by trauma, fractures due to overuse, infections and diseases that weaken the bones. The latter is most common in children and physiologically in some women who have attained menopause. This paper however shades more lamplight on the use of fixators in the treatment of fractures that are non-traumatic in young adults. These fractures have a rather pathologic course in their aetiology.
Keywords: Pathologic Fractures; Internal; External; Fixators; young adults; adolescents; orthopaedics; bone cancer

The increasing global rates of caesarean section (CS) deliveries have raised concerns about the rational use of antibiotics to prevent post-operative infections. In Africa, CS is a common surgical procedure, accounting for a significant portion of the surgical workload [1]. This is even now more prevalent as CS has been seen as one of the most appropriate means for emergency deliveries in cases of obstetric emergencies presenting with hopes of fetal viability [1].

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has long been used as a screening tool for prostate cancer. However, it is not without its limitations. In some cases, men may receive a false-positive PSA result, which can lead to unnecessary anxiety and concerns about their risk of developing cancer.
Aim: This study aims to reveal and discuss the case of a patient with a false-positive PSA value of 100 ng/mL.
Discussion/Conclusion: Depending on PSA assays as an all-seeing eye in detecting and screening for Prostate Cancers (PCa), may not be completely reliable. Studies have found its sensitivity and specificity questionable. Although current studies have put the borderline values between 4ng/mL and 10ng/mL, many studies have found PCa biopsy-positive cases at values lower than 4ng/mL and negative cases at values greater than 10ng/mL. Nevertheless, the concept of overtreating and overdiagnosis was also touched on.

Background: In Bangladesh, Pharmacists have an advantage over other healthcare professionals as they have easier and more frequent access to the public.
Objective: This study aims to address this knowledge gap and provide valuable insights to guide future interventions.
Methods: The study was conducted through cross-sectional quantitative methods in purposively selected eight districts from October 2020 to December 2020. A structured questionnaire was distributed among a sample of pharmacists, and the collected data was analysed using statistical methods. The ethical clearance of the study was taken before data collection. Sixteen trained data collectors collected 627 data through face-to-face interviews with the Pharmacists using a pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed, and quality control and risk management were performed strictly for maintaining the accuracy of the data.
Results: The study found that about 70% (n=438) pharmacies were found registered, and above 77% (n=483) pharmacies were owned by Pharmacists themselves. About 85.5% (n=536) had knowledge on counselling of patients in pharmacy but only 62% (n=389) had knowledge on SRH-related counselling. The highest duration of counselling of patients by Pharmacists was 1-5 minutes, 66.2% (n=355). Only 48.5% (n=304) had knowledge on complications and 69.7% (n=437) had knowledge on the side effect of SRH medicines. About 64.6% (n=405) of Pharmacists reported hearing the SRH-related issues from patients before selling medicine. About 80% (n=501) of Pharmacists reported having knowledge on menstrual hygiene, 49.4% (n=310) had knowledge of post-abortion care, and 56.8% (n=356) had knowledge of Postpartum family planning. About 76.6% (n=480) Pharmacists had knowledge of maternal complications, where 75.8% (n=475) mentioned haemorrhage and 71.1% (n=446) mentioned eclampsia as maternal complications. About 90.6% (n=568) of pharmacists mentioned that they required training on dispensing SRH-related medicine.
Conclusions: Though A grade (Graduate Pharmacist) and B grade (Diploma Pharmacist) Pharmacists had little knowledge of SRH medicine dispensing but C grade (Pharmacy Technician) had no proper knowledge and practices regarding SRH-related medicine dispensing. Most of the Pharmacists were in C grade, so their training on SRH-related medicine dispensing is very much essential. The findings contribute to evidence-based strategies for enhancing pharmacists’ involvement in promoting SRH and FP services in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Pharmacists; Sexual and Reproductive Health; Family Planning; Bangladesh

Introduction: In a study conducted at tertiary care center, Bangalore, a total of 144 late preterm neonates were studied. The majority of the neonates were born with a birth weight of more than 2 kg, and the study found that 28.33% of late preterm infants developed one or more complications leading to a hospital stay of more than 7 days. Most of the neonates required intravenous infusions, antibiotics, and were subjected to investigations for sepsis. In a study by Shapiro Mendoza et al, 22.8% of late preterms experienced at least one complication that could lead to prolonged hospital stay.
Methods: Late preterm infants are at high risk for neonatal morbidities, including neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, respiratory distress, sepsis, and feed intolerance. The duration of hospital stay was prolonged in late preterm neonates, with most requiring more than 7 days hospital duration. The rate of rehospitalization was also high.
Discussion: The study highlights the need for further studies to establish and evaluate strategies, routines, and protocols for premature interruption of pregnancy, reducing the number of premature births and developing obstetric protocols that increase the precision of methods for estimating gestational age (GA). Additionally, the study suggests using antenatal corticosteroid after 34 weeks to reduce respiratory pathologies and prevent a significant number of deaths in this group of neonates.
Conclusion: In conclusion, late preterm infants are at high risk for neonatal morbidities, including neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, respiratory morbidity, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, and hypoglycemia. Prolonging pregnancy to the maximum safest gestation can result in a decrease in these morbidities.

Weather forecasting, a crucial and vital process in people's everyday lives, assesses the change taking place in the atmosphere's current state. Big data analytics is the practice of studying big data to uncover hidden patterns and useful information that might produce more beneficial outcomes. Big data is currently a topic of fascination for many facets of society, and the meteorological institute is no exception. Big data analytics will therefore produce better results for weather forecasting and assist forecasters in providing more accurate weather predictions. Several big data techniques and technologies have been proposed to manage and evaluate the enormous volume of weather data from various resources in order to accomplish this goal and to identify beneficial solutions. A smart city is a project that uses computers to process vast amounts of data gathered from sensors, cameras, and other devices in order to manage resources, provide services, and address problems that arise in daily life, such as the weather. Forecasting the weather is a crucial process in daily life because it assesses changes in the atmosphere's current state. A machine learning-based weather forecasting model was proposed in this paper, and it was implemented using 5 classifier algorithms, including the Random Forest classifier, the Decision Tree Algorithm, the Gaussian Naive Bayes model, the Gradient Boosting Classifier, and Artificial Neural Networks. These classifier algorithms were trained using a publicly available dataset. When the model's performance was assessed, the Gradient Boosting Classifier algorithm, which had a plus 98% predicted accuracy, came out on top.
Keywords: Weather forecasting; Big data; Machine Learning; smart city; Gradient Boosting Classifier

Cloud computing has transformed the technological landscape by providing businesses with scalable virtual resources and by transforming the e-learning industry. With this transformation, however, comes a paramount concern for security. The improvement of e-learning systems requires substantial investments in hardware and software. Cloud computing provides a cost-effective solution for institutions with limited resources. A comprehensive security framework adapted to the specific requirements of the e-learning platform is crucial for maximising the utility of common applications. Skilled security experts and software architects are essential to the design and implementation of such solutions. Authentication, encryption, and access controls serve as the security arsenal's armour and weaponry. The ongoing pursuit of a secure educational environment necessitates a dedicated team that stays current on the most recent threats and countermeasures. Combining cloud computing and e-learning offers numerous opportunities, but security must remain a top priority. This report examines the principles of neural networks and high-performance computing for fortifying cloud-based e-learning platforms, resulting in a tapestry of safeguards that protect the treasures of online education.
Keywords: Cloud computing; Scalable; Authentication; Encryption; Neural Networks

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia but is currently under-diagnosed since it can be asymptomatic. Early detection of AF could be highly beneficial for the prevention of stroke, which is a major risk associated with AF, with a fivefold increase. The advent of portable monitoring devices can help uncover the underlying dynamics of human health in a way that has not been possible before.
Method: The purpose of this study was to validate the automated analysis of AF by the SmartCardia’s proprietary health monitoring device (ScaAI patch, SmartCardia S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland). To this end, a model was created and tested on three publicly available databases comprised of 243,960 ECG segments of 30-seconds. The model was further tested against a set of 500 ECG streams of 30-seconds (recorded by ScaAI patch - across different clinical trials; annotated by 3 different cardiologists), especially representing problematic conditions, when determination the underlying rhythm was challenging.
Results: The created model obtained F1-scores of 94.42 against a test set from two published available databases, and an F1-score of 92.61 (average F1-scores w.r.t each cardiologist) on the SmartCardia assembled database.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that the new wireless ScalAl patch had a high capacity to automatically detect AF when compared with public database. Further studies will help identify the optimal role of the the ScaAl patch in the management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; arrhythmias; automatic arrhythmia detection; wireless system

The old Law of conservation defines that “Energy is neither created nor destroyed” (Universal Law). But the modified Law of conservation expresses that “Energy is created at a certain point and is destroyed up to the certain limit. In between creation and distortion, we can see ‘conservation’ which means one energy gets converted into another energy”.
The energy is created/generated in the universe. God’s power means, G-Generation, O-Operation, and D-Distortion. These true facts of God’s power are described in the paper as a ‘gift of God’.
American countries and China's scientists make Artificial Sun. These Artificial Sun has transformed into a monumental creation that's fast reshaping the future of energy and how we perceive human (Ref: Google Search, 02-Aug-2023).
*We well known that just now, scientists have proved practically and scientifically as they create artificial Sun in Laboratory, for extra energy create by artificial Sun, which is used in future as power…Chinese Scientists Launched Artificial Sun To Prove ..YouTube - https://www.youtube.com › watch,(02-Aug-2023).
As per above discussions, in our mind one question, who was responsible for creation of Universe in first initial stage…...? who was starts Universe in old initial stage ….? Some body is responsible ……?
No doughty! Ans. God’s power was only responsible starts /creation of Universe……! GOD’s means!.......G-Generations! O- Operations! D-Distortions!...... .
Thus, energy is created/generated by God’s power. New modified Law of conservation expresses that “Energy is created at a certain point and is destroyed up to the certain limit. In between creation and distortion, we can see ‘conservation’ which means one energy gets converted into another energy”. It’s true facts ….!
Keywords: Law of Conservation; Energy creation; Energy conservation; Energy distortion; God’s power; Supreme God's power

Pharmacognosy was initially described by C. A. Sydler as the study of therapeutic plants or products. The physical, chemical, and biological properties are used in these investigations. Adulsa (or Vasaka) is the popular name for the plant Justicia adhatoda (Linn.), which is a member of the Acanthaceae family. Adhatoda leaves have a long history of usage in Ayurvedic medicine, mostly for respiratory conditions. In the current pharmacognostic study of vasaka (leaves), major pharmacognostic techniques such as macroscopy, microscopy, surface preparation, powder characteristics, and physicochemical characteristics were used to identify the presence of trichomes and vascular bundles as well as moisture content, ash values, and extractive values in various parameters.
Keywords: Justicia adhatoda; Pharmacognosy; Morphology; and Microscopy

Background: Fistula in Ano is a chronic abnormal communication runs outward from anorectal lumen (int opening) to an external opening on the skin of perineum or buttock. History of ischiorectal, perianal abscess is the main hindering reason. Tuberculosis, IBD (Crohns or ulcerative proctocolitis), trauma can also lead to development of anal fistula. Sometimes termed as nonspecific, idiopathic or cryptoglandular and intersphincteric anal gland infection. chronic discharge, occasional pain and blood staining, foul smelling, cloths soiling and disturbance in religious purposes for muslims are the reasons to operate.
Objectives: To specify duration of healing in low variety fistula in Ano after surgery and staying time in Hospitals. Other concomitant issues in perioperative period.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Bangabandhu sheikh Mujib Medical university from April to Sept 2012. Total 50 patients were selected as study population whom were admitted with low anal fistula and internal opening is below anorectal ring. Horse shoe, high variety fistula, associated disease (TB, IBD), malignancy were excluded from study population. Patient were grouped in A and B. A for Fistulectomy and B for fistulotomy. 25 patients in Group A, 25 patients in Group B. surgery was conducted by spinal anaesthesia and preoperatively 1 gm ceftriaxone and 1 bottle (500 gm) metronidazole given in each patient. Patients were discharged in 2^nd post operative day with some guidelines and education of treatment maneuver. First follow up after 7 days and 2^nd follw up after 4 wks.
Results: Total 50 patients admitted in BSMMU surgery Department and grouped in A (Fistulectomy) and B (Fistulotomy). Age range was 20-70 yrs and male are suffered more than female. low socioeconomic groups are presented more with history of anorectal abscess. Mean hospital stay was more in Fistulectomy with raised pain score than fistulotomy.
Conclusion: Anal fistula is a common cause of chronic pain and anal nuisance. Delineation of anal anatomy and identification of fistulas tract is important to prevent recurrence. Fistulotomy patient has less post operative pain with less hospital stay than fistulectomy in low variety anal fistula.
Keywords: Fistulectomy; Fistulotomy; Low variety fistula

The pigs used in these experiments were raised from the initial five pigs reserved as breeding stock in January 1969 from stock at the Arlington Farm, UW. They were challenged with 3% Halothane in O₂ and identified as MH susceptible whenever the rear legs became extended and appeared to be in rigor. The Halothane challenge was stopped and the animals spontaneously recovered and were raised for breeding stock. The two males and three females were raised in UW Swine Barn A under Leo’s supervision. Unfortunately, when they reached 225-240 lbs. in weight, they were hauled off to the UW slaughter house. Leo found them missing and called the slaughter house and recovered one male and two females that had not been slaughtered. We relocated the MH breeding stock to the UW Sheep Farm so there could not be any other possible confusion with other pigs in Swine Barn A. I moved the key MHS breeding animals to Sinclair Research Farm at MZZOU in 1973 when I relocated to MIZZOU for a new research position. Later in 1982, the entire stock of MHS susceptible breeding animals were moved to TTUHSC at El Paso, TX. They were housed on a pig farm near El Paso, TX.

Introduction: Intraocular medulloepithelioma is a rare, nonhereditary neoplasm of childhood arising from primitive medullary epithelium, often involving the ciliary body. It is a slow-growing tumour and most patients present between 2 and 10 years of age with loss of vision, pain, leukocoria and/or conjunctival congestion. It is difficult to estimate the true incidence of this tumour because of its rarity and paucity of large-scale population-based studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of histologically diagnosed primary malignant ocular medulloepithelioma in Nigeria.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 16-year-old female who presented with painful progressive left ocular swelling and visual deterioration of 8 years duration with associated redness and tearing. At presentation, a soft fleshy mass was seen protruding from the inferior aspect of the left eyeball, and enucleation of ocular contents was subsequently performed. Microscopic evaluation of the lesion showed distorted eye tissue with infiltration of the cornea, uveal tract and retina by malignant primitive neuroepithelial cells disposed in sheets, anastomosing cords and multiple classic Homer Wright rosettes with areas showing neuronal differentiation and marked nuclear atypia. The tumour also had a high mitotic index. The features seen were consistent with the diagnosis of a malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma. The patient had chemotherapy and radiotherapy and was subsequently discharged home for follow-up at the outpatient clinic.
Conclusion: Primary intraocular medulloepithelioma is a rare neoplasm occurring usually in the first decade of life. Before this, no case has been reported from Nigeria, especially in an adolescent female. The mainstay of treatment is surgery with chemo-radiation. This case also highlights the challenges involved in arriving at a definitive diagnosis.
Keywords: ciliary body; malignant medulloepithelioma

Lifestyle and environmental characteristics influence human well-being, and the individual equilibrium is easily affected when one or more components of them, in considerable amounts, outweigh others, deteriorating their balance, finally leading to more or less clinical expressive disorders, in line with genetics and other medical conditions.
Human activity, if adjusted to demographic characteristics, in a comfortable setting offers enjoyment and motivation for a guaranteed existence; the daily program well-organized in a friendly atmosphere ensures a healthy life. Inadequate conduct in day-to-day work, even in a suitable setting, can disrupt one’s functioning. It is essential to organize harmonized mental and physical activities to maintain equilibrium.
Young individuals are more enthusiastic, dynamic, and cheerful than seniors. They can control transitory intense physical and mental activity, but middle-aged people and seniors usually experience health deterioration in such conditions.

Dental occlusion is a neglected factor in dentistry. Oftentimes it is spoken about yet it is not comprehensively addressed by the dental profession. Why is its practical application not addressed? The occlusion is the coming together of the upper and lower jaws in harmony.
One reason for little attention is that a clinician can not see the occlusion. If you can not see then you can not treat. Dentists use older techniques to mark the occlusal contact areas of the teeth however they rarely obtain a complete oral picture making it easy to neglect essential problems. Occlusion is also an essential element for implant longevity. If the “bite” isn’t even then the bone attached implant health is jeopardized. Closing the jaws in harmony is an essential element for a long term life because choice of food coupled with chewing efficiency controls what we purchase and ingest. Nutritional supplements such as powdered foods are used as a substitute to masticating actual fruits and vegetables. Basically a sound occlusion is essential to food selection and digestion. There are no substitutions to properly functioning dentitions. Our health depends on it.

The atomic structure is presented on the basis of the theory of vortex gravitation. The feasibility and calculation of the values of the density and mass of electromagnetic particles are proposed. A calculation is made, which proves that the photon must have mass. In the calculations, some physical characteristics of electromagnetic particles that are accepted by modern physics are refuted.
Keywords: theory of vortex gravity; cosmology and cosmogony; Celestial mechanics

Especially new tendencies in the area of synthetic focus are dynamic in that they exchange the house of expression. Programs based totally on simulated brain are hastily turning into famous in areas such as technology, music, human expression, and science. A new close-up of Christie's Edmund portrait adjustments our modern-day appreciation of the science of synthetic talent and raises questions about the creativeness related with technology. Can craft be seen as resourceful?” Against this background, this lookup makes use of a range of AI functions and modifications the point of view on AI craft and the manufacturing cycle of AI craft to create synthetic intelligence. Show that it is achievable Innovative imagination.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence-generated art; computational creativity; machine learning

     Headache is a universal experience. It is one of the most common complaints in the field of medicine & neurology. The article deals with the issue of ‘headache’ in the field of medical science. It does not consider ‘Migraine’. It hampers the quality of life in all age sections as headaches have multiple reasons. Headaches are a part of everyone’s lives. Most headaches are usually harmless but in some cases they\can be harmful too. The article covers both harmful and harmless headaches that hamper the quality of life. Medical science has not been successful to elicit the cause of each headache and thereafter treatment plans are multiple in nature, confusing and a definite plan has not been deduced.
     Ancient references to headache, migraine & neuralgia can be found in the Ebers Papyrus (1200 BC). Evidence of trepanation of 9000 year old Neolithic skulls suggests the first headache treatment. Visual symptoms associated with the headache were described by Hippocrates who lived during 460-370 BC. The father of medicine from Greece on whose name the Hippocratic Oath is taken by the budding doctors across the globe was the first to scientifically elucidate headaches clinically through his observations. That is why Hippocrates is known as the first analytical epidemiologist. Aretaeus provided one of the earliest classifications of headache around 200 AD.
     The reader will get an idea of the problem of headache at the global & national level through the eyes of clinical health in the beginning sections before delving in to the Homoeopathic system of the AYUSH platform. Currently, the AYUSH platform has regained its value in the era of the current pandemic. The pandemic has further escalated the issue of headache, further precipitated by the increased stress levels. In the absence of effective therapy in the modern medicine, the article delves into what homoeopathy can offer to deal with headache issues that fulfil the triad criteria of essential medicines as per the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). The criteria is that these medicines need to be effective clinically, clinically safe and should be without side effects. Thus Homoeopathy is the leading therapeutic system that can deal with headaches and can cover masses while being cost effective [1-3, 17-19].
Brief of the article
     The current article looks into the aspects of headache during the life period out of which managing headaches is one of the main challenges.
     The article looks into the brief history of public health programs on headache issues in India & the emergence of headache as an issue. As headaches are a cross cutting problem among many health conditions, there is no specific public health program on headaches. However, there are programs like National Programme for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardio Vascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS) & National Mental Health Program (NMHP) that cover both the primary & secondary headaches. These health issues that cover both mental and physical aspects are triggering factors for headaches.
     The article now moves on to the current situation of headaches in India & the role of Homoeopathy to deal with these headache disorders therapeutically as a component of Ministry of AYUSH. The article suggests the integration of medical pluralism in headache therapy through inclusion of Homoeopathy in the gamete of physical and mental health conditions that are related to headaches.
     As each & every drug in Homoeopathy is only proved on human beings, all the drugs have a mental component as it is only human beings who can express their physical & mental symptoms during proving of the drugs as per the guidelines set by the Homoeopathic Research Councils (HRC) of each nation. In India, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, an autonomous body under the ministry of AYUSH lays out such guidelines.
     The article gains more relevance during the current COVID 19 pandemic which has precipitated the stress levels of population since March 2020 and most of the adults are more prone to headache disorders during their life stage besides finding it difficult to manage these headaches [14, 15, 18, 19].
Keywords: Headache; Homoeopathic Materia Medica; Constitutional medicine; Nosode; Bach Flower Remedy; Bowel Nosode; Miasms

Prediction of postoperative complications, which determine the result and consequences, is an important element in the choice of treatment tactics for acute peritonitis management what makes it possible to apply preventive measures. Many methods which are based on taking into account various indicators have been proposed for this. However, none of these methods have sufficient recognition. The most famous and recognized scales are PIPAS [1], WSES Sepsis Severity Score [2], Mannheim Peritonitis Index [3], Peritonitis Index Altona [4], Combined Peritonitis Score [5]. These scales assess only the degree of organ dysfunction, the severity of AP and the possibility of patient’s death. But these scales do not assess the risk of certain complications.

Obesity is a global health challenge with few pharmacologic options. Whether adults with obesity can achieve weight loss with once weekly Semaglutide at a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention has not been confirmed. Method: This is a clinical case report of a 29-year-old female, who tried weekly Semaglutide with lifestyle intervention. We conducted a baseline mental and physical health, and we did a biweekly follow up with her. This was over 6 months period starting from September 2022 until March 2023. Consent: Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient. Results: Our participant was able to lose 16.3 % of her body weight in 6 months, dropping her body weight from 74.3 kilograms to 61.2 kilograms, with a decrease in her body mass index from 29.3 to 23.9. With a significant improvement in mental and physical health, particularly, an improvement in her depression, generalized anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: In participants with overweight or obesity, 0.5-1.0 mg of Semaglutide once weekly plus lifestyle intervention was associated with sustained, clinically relevant reduction in body weight.
Keywords: Obesity; Semaglutide; weight loss

Among the developing countries of the world India has made its own identity in the health care department or in the pharmaceutical department. Currently India is considered to be a world of pharmacy of generic medicines. Generic drugs are those drugs which are same as the branded one. This is mandatory that generic drugs only manufactures after expiry of innovative drug’s patent. Generics have an important role to play in public health as they are well known for their affordable prices. After expiry of the patent it is open to manufacture and marketing generic by everyone. According to WHO there is no precise legal definition for widely available worldwide, generic drugs play an efficient role in pharmaceutical expenditures. Generic medicines stay in trend because these are available on a reasonable price in the market which is easy to grab for the Indian market. The healthcare system of India offer generic drugs 20-90% cheaper than original branded drugs. Objective of this study is to provide a high description of what generic drugs are and how these drugs are different from branded or innovative drugs, and what the regulatory and legislative levels of generic drugs are, here we initiate the study from the historical and current regulation of the generic medicines.

Since Confined Quantum Field Theory is the extension of the special and general relativity, people may think this is a concern for the people working on astrophysics black hole and so on. But on the contrary its simplicity makes it useable on the everyday modern engineering. All from electrical resistivity to the super conductivity and thermoelectric effect to the crystal growth. In thermoelectric effect we show why two metals must join together and not smelt together to preserve the crystal structure in the both side of the junction. This theory shows how impurities and defect affects performance of the electronic devices in different temperature. Recently in the Crystal Growth and Reproductive Entities article we showed how a bigger crystal eats up a smaller one and the theory was approved by recent experiment.

Crystal Growth and Reproductive Entities play a more important role in modern technology and in medical physics.

We will use Confined Quantum Field Theory in Crystal Growth and Reproductive Entities which will give us a more fundamental perspective.

Toxic megacolon is defined as an acute non-obstructive inflammatory condition with dilatation of the bowel causing septicemia and peritonitis. The cut off point for the bowel dilatation is taken as 6cm and above with loss of haustration on imaging. The exact cause of toxic megacolon is still debatable but several postulations have been laid down. The etiology of toxic megacolon can be divided into several factors such as inflammatory, autoimmune, tumors and others. Toxic megacolon carries a high morbidity and mortality with delayed interventions. The incidence increases with age with male preponderance.

Liver involvement in Hodgkin's lymphoma is common and is caused by hepatic infiltration, biliary obstruction by lymphoma, hepatitis, sepsis or complications of chemotherapeutic treatment. Jaundice caused by the vanishing bile duct syndrome related to Hodgkin's lymphoma is very rare. The mechanism is poorly understood but a paraneoplastic effect seems most likely as liver biopsy and imaging study the absence of lymphoma cells in liver. We describe a 13-year-old man with vanishing bile duct syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma who was treated successfully with chemotherapy. The markedly elevated serum Bilirubin levels completely normalized. Our case demonstrates that although dosing of chemotherapy in this situation can be very difficult, a good clinical outcome is possible, which makes the attempt at curative treatment worthwhile.
Keywords: Hodgkin’s lymphoma; jaundice; vanishing bile duct

Yoga is the science and art of living healthily. Yoga seeks inner perfection as it helps unite the body, mind, and spirit, creating amazing life harmony. Yoga can improve health and happiness in many ways. Yoga is one of many strategies to live a healthy and peaceful life, but it may be most effective when combined with a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and great relationships. This practice is suitable for many religions, races, and nationalities because it emphasises overall wellness in the individual and community.
Keywords: Yoga; healthy; body; mind; peaceful life

Dental occlusion refers to closure which is assumed to be uneventful. But most closure is uneven because there are many facets on the teeth that may not coincide with one another so that a malocclusion develops. A disharmony can become harmonious by self adjustment which may be natural or the opposing jaws may never reach a harmonious state. It is up to the dentist to reach that decision however many do not look for disharmonies because there are few measuring systems to assess occlusal pathology. Often the pathology is an attempt by a patient to self adjust by grinding and gnashing their teeth. They never reach an occlusal harmony. That is the responsibility of the dental clinician but if the dentist does not see nor measure the disparities in the occlusal dynamic then the pathology remains and the oral health declines over time. Dentistry as a profession needs more education on the occlusion and better ways to assess the biting pathologies that exist in most people. An often used analogy is to a smooth running auto mobile where the wheels are properly balanced and aligned. First the teeth and then the jaws. It is worth a “look”.

Diseases are the result of a complex interaction of physical, biological, and economic variables. The term "disease association" refers to the occurrence of two diseases more frequently than would be predicted by chance. To put it another way, diseases are said to be linked when they occur more frequently than one could predict by coincidence. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the disease association with correlation coefficient in the study region. Total of 115 villages are chosen and 23 villages from the list of ITDP villages have randomly chosen for sampling survey. By using a probability proportional size of the various tribes, a total of 10 households (HHs) from each chosen village have been covered. For all disorders, the correlation co-efficient value computed is 0.019. As a result; they have a strong relationship with one another. Gastroenteritis, typhoid, dysentery, and amoebiasis are closely linked to nutritional deficiency diseases such as anaemia and malnutrition.
Keywords: disease association; ranking; co-efficient; correlation; morbidity

Introduction: An athlete's life revolves around their sport. Retirement from sports is a unique transition that influences significant identity, body, and lifestyle changes [1]. While competitive athletes exceed recommendations for physical activity, this only translates into regular physical activity after retirement from sports. Research suggests the nature of competitive sports participation may need to be more conducive to lifelong physical activity [2] Falling out from sports and physical activity leads the body into deconditioning. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Pilates in improving speed, agility and back extensor endurance in a deconditioned athlete.
Materials and Methods: The clinical setup for the case study was arranged at VAPMS College of Physiotherapy in Visakhapatnam. The pre and post-tests were performed on the premises of the institution. The subject is a male athlete, a middle-distance runner. The subject received Pilates training four sessions/week for eight weeks for 40 minutes. Speed, Agility and Back extensor endurance were assessed with the outcome measures 20-meter sprint, Illinois agility test and Biering Sorensen test.
Results: Results obtained from the present case study indicate that eight weeks of Mat Pilates improved speed, agility and back extensor endurance. Based on this study, there is a difference in the values recorded pre and post-Pilates training. Two trials were performed for each outcome measure, and the better of the two trials was considered.
Conclusion: The results from the present case study concluded that the Mat Pilates exercise training is effective in the improvement and enhancement of the speed, Agility and back extensor endurance of the athlete. Overall, it shows that an athlete's re-conditioning is possible with Pilates training.
Keywords: Pilates training; speed; Agility; back extensor endurance

In an era marked by rapid transformation and shifting priorities, the need for strategic adaptation has never been more critical. Recent findings emphasize the challenges faced by the German healthcare sector in maintaining public approval. With the healthcare landscape evolving, the industry is increasingly recognizing the importance of user-centered design. This article delves into the pivotal role that prototyping and testing, as integral components of user-centered design, can play in revolutionizing the healthcare domain. It explores how these methods can address the unique considerations of healthcare and highlights their potential benefits and challenges.
Moreover, as digital services reshape the German healthcare industry daily, the landscape is characterized by shorter planning cycles, global competition, and stricter regulatory requirements. In this dynamic environment, traditional project management approaches often struggle to keep pace. This article underscores the transformative power of Agile Project Management, a methodology that has redefined how projects and companies operate. Agile principles, known for their adaptability and value-driven focus, are examined in the context of 21st-century demands, shedding light on how they enhance project outcomes and drive organizational success.
Additionally, the article explores the Agile mindset and its alignment with methodologies like Design Thinking, Scrum, and Objectives and Key Results (OKR). The Agile mindset champions customer collaboration, welcomes change as an opportunity, and emphasizes delivering value promptly. It operates on principles such as customer-centricity, iterative development, continuous feedback, flexibility, adaptability, transparency, and collaboration.
In conclusion, prototyping emerges as a central theme, described as the art of transforming ideas into testable realities. It's defined as the process of creating preliminary versions of products or systems to visualize, evaluate, and refine their design and functionality. The article emphasizes the significance of choosing the right fidelity level for prototypes based on project goals and stages, promoting early exploration and iterative refinement throughout the design process.
Keywords: agile; prototyping; healthcare

Chandigarh is a well planned city and one of the modern cities of India. The city is having spacious roads, lush green gardens, good network of Sewerage and Storm water system. The city also owns a well designed Water supply system. Due to the importance of the city, people all across the country has been settled and enjoy facilities of International level. Chandigarh is the only city which earns its 70% of the revenue helping the govt. to plan its funds in darker zones. This level of service has been achieved by the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh by increasing the reliability of the mechanism involved in water supply from the source to disposal of the water. The optimization of the system also has features like 24 Hrs. Water supply in some sectors, 3 times regular supply in routine to all the sectors, villages and slum colonies. The system include pumping the water from Kajauli Water Works (On Bhakhra Canal), Distt. Ropar, Punjab to Sector 39 Chandigarh, Treatment of water, distribution, metering, disposal and further treating the sewage for recycling purpose. This paper reflects the application of “DFR” in Water Supply System of Chandigarh.

The present work, explores from the nature of Civil Law and the source theory of legal obligation, towards the evolution of development of Smarts Contracts and Blockchain Technology in the implementation of a system of RC20 and RC21 token issuing machine, with fiduciary support as a mechanism of legal security in order to propose a model of potentialization of destinations with high tourism demand in developing countries, within the framework of design, implementation and commissioning of the destination Hotel Aiden by Best Western Quito DM, Republic of Ecuador City and Beach.
Keyworks: Smart Constracts; Smart Tourism; Tokenization; Blockchain; contractware

The objective of this paper is to share the details related to the standard Delivery Attempt Verification Techniques for accurately determining if the Delivery Attempt made by the Delivery Rider is valid or not against the Order or Parcel ordered Online by the Customer through Shipper E-commerce Site. The Researchers who are working on this research area are using ‘Qualitative Research.’ The Data for the research was taken from the Delivery Mobile Applications, Blogs, social media, and E-commerce Sites, and then it was presented descriptively. The study in this paper tells us that the formation of the Standard Regulation will improve the visibility of Delivery Attempts made on the logistics operations. In Order to achieve it, several steps need to be taken for the successful implementation of the Regulation. This paper will only be limited to the extent to which the challenge currently facing is clearly described, then suggest possible solutions like Live Tracking, Lat-long Capture, Delivery Code, Verification Calls or SMS, etc., for resolving it and how it will work, and finally, what positive impact the solution will have on the Customer and the logistics sector.
Keywords: First Mile; Mid Mile; Last Mile; Logistics; E-Commerce; COD (Cash on Delivery)