Typhoid fever has been a recognized infectious disease for centuries, with historical accounts of outbreaks dating back to ancient times. However, it was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that the association between typhoid fever and intestinal perforation was fully elucidated. Pioneer works by Widal, Wilson, and Ganière provided early insights into the pathogenesis of typhoid intestinal perforation. Transmission is through feco-oral route. Virulence and dose of the organism as well as the host resistance play pivotal role in the pathogenesis. Adequate resuscitation, prompt surgical intervention, with repair of the damaged bowel as well as copious peritoneal lavage are key to favourable outcome.
Keywords: pathogenesis; management; typhoid perforation

Cancer is wide spread all over the world. Globally, 19,976,499 cancer cases have been diagnosed in 2022. Cancer treatment is mainly based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is usually associated with drug resistance as well as toxicity. Accordingly, drug targeting is considered to be a good alternative to reduce the undesired effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) have an advantageous property of selectively targeting tumor cells. Nanoparticles are characterized by their size which ranged from 1 to 1000 nm, and could be prepared by size reduction of large particles (top-down methods), or assembling of particle with sub-nano size (bottom-up methods). NPs were used to target not only drugs, but also genes and diagnostic agents to the tumor cells. Such targeting increases drug concentration in the cancer cells.

Introduction: Paediatric emergencies contribute significantly to the patient burden in emergency units (EU). The variable availability of paediatric expertise, paediatric-specific equipment, appropriately trained staff, and standardised treatment guidelines adversely affects the optimal emergency care of children.
Aim: The study aimed to describe the availability of essential, functional paediatric emergency resuscitation equipment on the resuscitation trolley in 24-hour EUs within the Qassim health cluster hospitals.
Subject and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all hospitals with emergency departments in the Alqassim Region under the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. A closed-response survey was completed as a personal interview with emergency department directors. The questionnaire includes mainly measures of preparedness. A weighted preparedness score was calculated for each emergency department.
Results: A total of 14 participating hospitals were included. The total median (IQR) preparedness score was 123 (82.0 - 151.0). The median percentage score was 75.9%. The median percentage of missing was 24.1%, with a total median (IQR) missing score of 3.0 (0 - 12). The highest number of missing supplies were related to intraosseous needles or devices and umbilical vein catheters, which were unavailable in half of the participating hospitals. These were followed by tracheostomy tubes, arm board, and lumbar-puncture needles. In contrast, most medications needed for pediatric emergencies were available except for sodium bicarbonate 4.2% (missing in 9 hospitals).
Conclusion: This study supports the literature that some key elements of supplies and equipment were unavailable in pediatric emergency care settings. We recommend standardizing equipment and algorithms, training and evaluating authorized personnel, and critical event reporting within hospital institutions.
Keywords: Pediatric Emergency Preparedness; Supplies; Equipment

The aim of the study: To conduct a medical and sociological survey among doctors in 4 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries for the effectiveness of the implementation of secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in outpatient healthcare.
Material and methods: Outpatient doctors from 6 cities in 4 CIS countries participated in the simultaneous study. A total of 210 doctors of therapeutic profile took part in the survey: Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) - 42 doctors, Minsk (Belarus) - 37 doctors, Astana, Shymkent, Aktobe (Kazakhstan) - 55, 30, 10 doctors, Baku (Azerbaijan) - 36 doctors. The survey was carried out according to a questionnaire previously prepared by the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, which consisted of 11 blocks of questions. Answers to each question were offered in several gradations.
Results: In three countries, patients in the age range of 50-59 years prevailed among men who applied to the primary health care unit, whereas in Azerbaijan, men aged 60-65 years were dominant. In the CIS countries, patients most often go to the polyclinic for chronic forms of CHD. In Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Belarus, the incidence of type 2 diabetes with or without complications is more than 20%. Doctors in large cities of the CIS countries do not recommend non-drug treatment methods in up to 10% of cases. Preferential drug provision differs slightly between the analyzed cities. In Kazakhstan and Belarus, doctors note about 70% of cases when 75% of the target level is reached. In Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan, the same level is reached 2-3 times less often. In Kazakhstan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, there is a relatively high frequency (satisfaction in 75% of cases), while Azerbaijani doctors claim that 52% are not satisfied and 44% of cases are partially satisfied with interaction with specialized hospital doctors. In Azerbaijan and Belarus, 75% of the staffing of outpatient clinics prevails. In Kyrgyzstan, in 84% of cases, 100% staffing is detected. At the same time, in Kazakhstan, 50% and 75% staffing levels have a comparable frequency. In these countries, a similar pattern is being monitored for the provision of secondary medical staff at the polyclinic level.
Conclusion: Patients with CHD and type 2 diabetes mellitus predominate among patients with NCDs observed in polyclinics. Adherence to therapy is insufficient in every second case. Coverage of preferential drugs and achievement of target levels of the main risk factors among patients.
Keywords: secondary prevention; non-communicable chronic diseases; medical and sociological survey; doctors; CIS countries

Senescence is the age-dependent end of the life span. In plants, it can be visualized by yellowing of leaves that accompanies the mobilization of leaf nutrients to the reproductive structures. The yellowing of senescing leaves is correlated with a series of biochemical changes such as loss of chlorophyll contents, degradation of proteins, RNA and a decline in photosynthetic activity. Senescence limits crop yields in annual crops like maize, rice and wheat. Delayed leaf senescence is a desirable agronomic trait to improve crop yield. In this study the combination of AlCl₃ and Gibberellic acid reduced the loss of pigments, proteins, spectral properties, electron transport activities in wheat primary leaves under incubated dark conditions. The restoration of whole chain electron transport activity by the combination of AlCl₃ and GA was closely associated with the restoration of PS II activity when compared with PS I. The combination of Gibberellic acid and AlCl₃ treated leaf thylakoid membranes showed an increase in absorption at 680 nm moderate increases at 480 nm and 440 nm at 72 h during dark incubation. The AlCl₃ and Gibberellic acid protected the degradation of water oxidation complex polypeptides (33, 23, 17 KDa) of PS II and slightly protected the 68 kDa of PS I polypeptides.
Keywords: Senescence retardation; PSII and PS I activity; water oxidation complex polypeptides

A prospective cross-sectional study of diabetic patients registered at Eye department of Tobruk medical center in Tobruk-Libya between (01.06.2023 to 29.02.2024). Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Grading of DR was done by slit-lamp examination and Fundoscopy by ophthalmologist. Descriptive analysis included percentage and mean, median, and p-value by using SPSS 25. There were 85 diabetic patients, ages ranged between 30 and 90 years, with a mean of 58, the majority (97.6%) were Libyan nationality living in Tobruk (98.3 %). There were 86 females. that patients with duration of diabetes ranging between 11 and 15 years were at almost five-folded risk of developing DR compared to those with duration <10years. Most of advanced complicated diabetic retinopathy cases had diabetes more than fifteen years, and no advanced disease in the cases with duration less than 10 years.
The patients with poor controlled blood sugar and HbA1c >9 throughout the disease were at almost five-folded risk of developing DR compared to those with moderate controlled diabetes cases were HbA1c between (7.5 -9), patient with poor control of diabetes HbA1c>9 was 25-folded risk of developing PRP than cases with good control HbA1c <7.5. The majority of advanced diabetic retinopathy cases were correlated with non-controlled diabetes mellitus HbA1c > 9%, were no advanced complication recorded in good controlled cases.
The objective of this study to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlation between risk factors like age of patients, type of DM, duration, no control of diabetes mellitus patients with blindness due to progression of DR attending the Eye Department at Tobruk medical in Tobruk-Libya.

CAD/CAM milling and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) methods, have brought significant advancements to prosthodontics.
In recent years, additive manufacturing techniques have gained popularity for fabricating metal substructures, particularly cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) components.
These technologies have reduced manufacturing costs and time, while also minimizing human errors such as wax pattern distortion and casting irregularities, leading to improved fitting accuracy compared to traditional casting techniques.
Although milling techniques achieves greater accuracy, its high fabrication costs limit its practicality for daily use. In contrast, DMLS is a more cost-effective and faster technique with a slightly lower precision.
This paper briefly provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles, clinical applications benefits and considerations associated with direct metal laser selective (DMLS) technology in fixed prosthodontics.

Purpose: This research paper aims to analyze a project-based learning method and its positive effects on building emotional competencies in Gen Z students. In its initial part, the paper outlines project-based learning as a long-established teaching practice, whose origins can be traced back to antiquity. The paper then narrows its focus onto a method of project-based learning occurring outside of the classroom settings, namely the one adopting the form of community service projects. At its core, the paper concentrates on the effects of community service projects on the development of emotional competencies in project participants, with an added focus on self-regulation, motivation, and social skills in leadership and conflict management.
Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative research paper uses a descriptive research design, centered on a survey developed in line with the related literature. The research data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, delivered in paper-and-pen format in November and December 2023. In total, 221 full-time university students, aged 17-20, participated in the survey.
Findings: Based on the findings, the paper contends that community service projects not only provide Gen Z students with ample opportunities for social and emotional learning, but more crucially, project implementation proves to have positive effects on students’ emotional competencies, which include self-regulation, motivation, leadership, and conflict management.
Originality/value/implications: In its conclusion, the paper argues that project-based learning is an effective teaching method that allows project participants to acknowledge and cultivate feelings about themselves, their peers, or the communities they serve. When considering its maximum potential, project-based learning can also be viewed as a vital tool in combating those social and emotional deficiencies that may prevent members of this recently emerged demographic cohort from realizing their full potential.
Keywords: project-based learning; gen Z students; self-regulation; motivation; social skills; leadership; conflict management

He word "VUCA" is getting wide attention these days. Indeed, out world today is full of Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity. But come to think, our daily life is changing every moment and every day is different.
Then, how have we coped with this real world which changes every moment. It is INSTINCT. As the real world is changing every moment and is unpredictable, the tool we have is nothing other than INSTINCT. Then, how does INSTINCT respond. This is to utilize Fourier Transform.

Fast-growing digital trends have driven growth in the threat landscape of cyber-attacks, pushing unprecedented burdens on organizations to manage vulnerabilities effectively. This study investigated two years of complex relationships between human expertise and technological solutions in the domain of cybersecurity vulnerability management (VM) for a leading fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company operating internationally in multiple countries, leveraging both on-premises and cloud infrastructure. This study introduces the tensions arising from this duality, and an innovative AI-driven scoring methodology designed to streamline the end-to-end vulnerability management process to offer a more dynamic and contextualized risk assessment that the current traditional scoring methods such as the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) lacks. Rooted in sociotechnical systems theory (STS), actor-network theory (ANT), and resource-based view (RBV), this research bridges the gap between technological reliance and human interpretative skills, which are two dominant but often disconnected aspects of VM. This paper highlights the benefit of VM that results from a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology, emphasizing how artificial intelligence (AI) and automation can mitigate the limitations of human-centric approaches and how humans can address the technological contextual limitations, resulting in a win-win approach. The findings set the orientation for a nascent stream of academic research on the relationship between humans and AI in vulnerability management and practical applications for scoring vulnerabilities in cybersecurity.
Keywords: Vulnerability management; Artificial intelligence; Automation; Human aspects of security; technology vs human expertise; Vulnerability scoring; CVSS

Traditional medicine system consists with two elements first, spiritual practice and second, natural drug-based treatment methods. Where natural drug either plant derived or animal based. The spiritual healing are basically some rituals doing by the communities to treat ailment initially. Traditional medicine having holistic and dynamic characteristics. Both spiritual practices and natural drug-based treatment also known as complementary therapies and herbal medicine. They are recognized globally in both developed and developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, nearly 80% of the global population still chooses traditional medicine as their first choice of healthcare. This huge chunk of the population has a great interest in traditional medicine because of its cost-effectiveness, easy accessibility, acceptability, minimum side effects and spiritual mythology. For two decades there has been a progressive demand for traditional medicine worldwide. An inadequate provision of modern medicine causes to move toward traditional medicine system to peoples. The huge research database indicates that traditional medicine research gets significant attention within the scientific community.

Blended diets (BD) have gained popularity as an alternative to commercially available enteral formulas in children requiring tube feeding. Caregivers increasingly favor blended diets for their perceived benefits, including improved gastrointestinal tolerance and psychosocial benefits. However, questions remain about the safety, nutritional adequacy, and long-term impact of BD. This review synthesizes the latest literature from 2023 and 2024 to provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits, challenges, and clinical considerations of BD in pediatric patients. We explore the evidence on gastrointestinal outcomes, growth, safety issues, and the psychosocial effects of BD.
Keywords: Blended-diet; gastrostomy; food

Pancreatic cancer represents a formidable challenge in modern oncology due to its dismal prognosis and substantial global burden. This comprehensive review examines the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment modalities, prognosis, and emerging therapies in pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological data reveal a concerning rise in incidence rates, particularly among younger cohorts and certain demographic groups. Known risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and family history are explored alongside emerging associations including changes in gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. Molecular pathways implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis, including DNA adduct formation and genetic mutations such as KRAS, p53, and BRCA, are elucidated. The complex tumor microenvironment and stromal interactions are discussed, emphasizing their role in disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, staging systems, and challenges in early detection are outlined, followed by an overview of current treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care. Prognostic factors and survival rates based on stage and treatment are analyzed, along with predictive biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response. Emerging therapies and research directions, including precision medicine and immunotherapy, are explored, alongside considerations for quality of life, survivorship, and psychosocial support. The article concludes with a summary of key findings, implications for clinical practice and research, and future perspectives for pancreatic cancer management and treatment.

This review explores the therapeutic potential of African antitussive plants by examining their traditional uses, phytochemical properties, and pharmacological evidence. It highlights the historical and cultural significance of these plants in African medicine and provides an overview of the key phytochemicals associated with their antitussive effects. The review also evaluates scientific studies that support the efficacy of these plants, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. Additionally, it addresses challenges in standardizing and conserving these valuable resources while discussing opportunities for integrating traditional knowledge with modern healthcare practices. This comprehensive analysis aims to advance the understanding of African antitussive plants and their potential contributions to global health.
Keywords: Antitussive plants; African traditional medicine; Phytochemicals; Pharmacological evidence; Ethnopharmacology

Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in taking public health action geared towards the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease or health-related event [1].
Data disseminated by a public health surveillance system can be used for immediate public health action, program planning and evaluation, and formulating research hypotheses [1]. Periodic evaluation of public health surveillance systems ensures that problems of public health importance are being monitored efficiently and effectively [1].
Human Mpox is a zoonotic smallpox-like illness caused by the Mpox virus [2, 3]. The Mpox disease (formerly monkeypox) is caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family, with two genetic clades, clades I and II [3].

A professional in the healthcare industry spends a long time in education to attain expertise in a specific field. Continuously updated information availability requires financial resources and time to possess or access instruction tools. These efforts are to improve people’s health, their life quality, and their expectancy.
The delivery of healthcare services benefits all players: the patients and their families, the medical team, and society as a whole. Each implied in a relationship has a contribution, valued according to their efforts.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated reproductive, metabolic, hormonal, and endocrine disorder that affects one in every five (20%) Indian women. As a result, detecting PCOS at a young age is critical. Currently, limited diagnostic tool exists to evaluate the risk and severity of PCOS in women of reproductive age. As a result, the focus of our research is on developing and evaluating the 'Novel PCOS diagnostic questionnaire', which will help both healthy people and PCOS patients determine their risk of getting PCOS and the severity of their illness respectively.
Method: Novel PCOS questionnaire was developed with questions related to demography, co-morbidity, symptoms, diet, and menstrual pattern. It was evaluated through theoretical validation, empirical validation, and reliability tests.
Results: The ‘Novel PCOS diagnostic questionnaire’ passes all the validation tests and it can be utilised further as diagnostic tool.
Conclusion: The preliminary development and validation of the Novel PCOS diagnostic questionnaire is highly relevant to be useful in the real-world. The validation of this questionnaire at a comprehensive spectrum is furtherly focussed.
Keywords: PCOS; validation study; questionnaire; risk and severity assessment

For queuing systems with moving servers, the control policy which means delays of a beginning service is introduced. In the capacity of efficiency index of systems is taken a customer’s average waiting time before service. Although it seems that it is a paradoxical idea to introduce delays of beginning service, it is shown that for some systems it gives a gain in a customer’s average waiting time before service. The class of queuing systems for which it is advisable to introduce delays is described. The form of an optimal function minimizing the efficiency index is found.
It is shown that if the intervals between neighbor services have exponential distribution, then the gain in a customer’s average waiting time before service equals 10% and independent of parameter of exponential distribution. For uniform distribution such gain equals 3.5% and also independent of parameter of uniform distribution. The criterion to define for which systems the gain is greater are given. Some open problems and numerical examples demonstrating theoretical results are given.
Keywords: queues with moving servers; a customer’s average waiting time; delay of beginning service; optimal function

Bendable concrete, also known as Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), represents a significant advancement in the construction industry due to its enhanced ductility and flexibility compared to traditional concrete. Unlike conventional concrete, which is brittle and prone to cracking under tension, bendable concrete can withstand significant deformation before failure. This is largely due to the inclusion of micro-scale fibers, typically polymer, steel, or other materials, which help control crack propagation and improve tensile strength [1]. One of the primary innovations of ECC is its ability to form tight, distributed micro-cracks rather than large, localized fractures. These micro-cracks allow the material to bend without losing structural integrity, making it ideal for applications that demand high resilience, such as buildings in earthquake-prone areas, infrastructure exposed to heavy traffic, or structures that need to absorb the energy from explosions or impacts [2]. Researchers have conducted extensive studies to assess ECC’s performance, especially in environments that experience dynamic loading, such as bridges and high-rise buildings [3]. Experimental studies showed that the fiber-matrix interface is critical in ensuring bendability. Research has focused on optimizing fiber volume fraction and matrix composition for different environmental conditions, including hot and dry climate [4]. Experimental investigations have tested ECC under dynamic loading conditions like shocks and earthquakes. The key advantage is its ability to strain harden under tension, which helps to resist crack formation and maintain structural integrity during seismic events or explosions. This is particularly important for improving the safety of infrastructure in earthquake-prone or high-risk areas [5]. Experimental tests have also been conducted to evaluate ECC’s energy absorption and fracture toughness, making it more effective than traditional concrete in withstanding sudden impacts or explosive forces [6]. Studies have examined ECC’s performance in extreme climates, including high temperatures and dry conditions, to ensure long-term durability. Experiments have shown that adjusting the composition (e.g., using supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash) can help mitigate issues like shrinkage or reduced workability [7]. Furthermore, durability testing under freeze-thaw cycles and high-temperature exposure reveals that ECC has superior long-term performance, making it an ideal candidate for infrastructures in extreme environments [8].

This paper examines the United Arab Emirates' Science Technology and Innovation (STI) policy, particularly its impact and application within the educational sector, as the nation transitions from a resource-based to a technology-driven economy. Utilising a vertical methodological approach, the study begins by contextualising the STI policy before comparing it with those of other nations, and then deeply analysing its specific application and implications in education. The findings reveal that while the UAE has successfully integrated STI into its educational framework, thereby progressing towards Vision 2021, several challenges persist. These include the need for a more structured implementation process, an undefined role for teachers in this transformative journey, and the neglect of demand factors within the educational system. Despite these gaps, the policy has aligned the UAE with global competitiveness standards and fostered an innovative environment. The paper concludes that although the STI policy has significantly transformed the educational landscape, driving innovation and technological advancement, it requires further refinement. To achieve deeper and more sustainable impacts, the policy must incorporate a comprehensive implementation framework, enhance teacher capabilities, and address the demand factors of education. By refining these elements, the UAE can better tailor its educational system to meet the objectives of the STI policy and prepare for future challenges, thereby reinforcing its position in the global economic landscape.
Keywords: STI policy; education; technology; innovation; policy evaluation

Biomedical engineering has emerged as a groundbreaking field in healthcare, integrating engineering principles with the complexities of medical science. This field is not only transforming our approach to diagnosing, treating, and managing diseases but is also paving the way for the future of personalized medicine and patient care. As a leading cause of death globally, cardiovascular health continues to be a crucial area of research, with recent advancements providing new hope for both patients and clinicians.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate independent and dual association of body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile and waist circumference (WC) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among sub-Saharan Black African boys and girls.
Materials and Methods: A total of 624 boys and girls aged 10-19 years were included in the study. Study participants were measured for BMI-for-age percentile, WC, Systolic blood pressure (SBP), impaired or diabetic fasting blood sugar (FBS) level and elevated levels of total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Results: There was a significant variance (P-value=0.003) in the median BMI-for-age percentile among boys without (n=207; 23.8) and boys with (n=34; 44.2) MetS. This difference was more pronounced (P-value=0.00001) among girls without (n=365; 64.8) and those with (n=18; 82.9) MetS. A notable difference in WC (P-value=0.0004) was observed among girls without and with MetS. Positive and significant correlations between BMI-for-age percentile and SBP were noted among boys (r= +0.37, P-value<0.00001) and girls (r= +0.23, P<0.00001) without MetS, though the correlation was insignificant but still stronger among boys (r= +0.29, P-value=0.09) than girls (r= +0.11, P=0.68) with MetS. The correlation between WC and SBP was only significant among boys with MetS (r= +0.34, P-value<0.049). Stronger, negative and significant correlations were observed between BMI-for-age-percentile and FBG among girls (r= -0.67, P=0.002 for girls) than among boys (r= -0.42, P-value=0.01 for boys). Also stronger, negative and significant correlations existed between WC and FBG among girls (r= -0.62, P=0.006) than among boys (r= -0.39, P-value=0.02). Among those with MetS, the correlation between WC and TChol was stronger, positive and significant among girls (r= +0.54, P-value=0.02) but negative and insignificant among boys (r= -0.16, P-value=0.36). Both BMI-for-age percentile and WC were responsible for significant changes in FBS mostly among girls (R2=0.49, F-ratio=7.29, P-value=0.006) than among boys (R2=0.20, F-ratio=3.94, P-value=0.03).
Conclusions: Our results indicate that, elevated SBP BMI and WC may contribute more to MetS among boys while Diabetes, BMI and WC may do so among girls in Black Africa. There appears to be different interplay between these components of MetS through different mechanisms among boys and girls.
Keywords: Black African Adolescents; Body Mass Index; Sex; Metabolic Syndrome; Sub-Saharan; Waist circumference

Background: In the realm of pharmacology, a significant and urgent issue confronting us today is the rampant spread of counterfeit drugs. Pharmaceutical companies have faced increasing challenges in tracing products along the supply chain over the last decade, providing an entry point for counterfeiters to infiltrate markets. The proliferation of fake medications poses a serious threat to global public health, resulting in adverse effects. According to the World Health Organization, some countries experience as much as 30% of medication sales attributed to counterfeits. In less developed nations, the problem is even more severe, with one in ten medicines being identified as fraudulent or non- compliant. The detection of these counterfeits is complicated due to their intricate journey through networks, creating vulnerabilities. To effectively combat forgery, a comprehensive approach is imperative to monitor the entire delivery process. The utilization of efficient blockchain technology holds the potential to authenticate medications and safeguard public health.
Methods: This proposal introduces a pharmaceutical supply chain management system utilizing advanced Hyperledger Fabric technology to securely store medication records in a network. The framework addresses the issue of counterfeit drugs by establishing a drug ledger that meticulously records all network transactions, thereby establishing an intelligent healthcare ecosystem within the supply chain. Central to this system are smart contracts, essential components that confer specific access rights to the drug ledger. These contracts ensure that only authorized entities have control over access to sensitive information. Through the integration of Hyperledger Fabric and smart contracts, the system aims to create a supply chain characterized by transparency, resistance to tampering, and efficiency, effectively combating counterfeit drugs and enhancing the integrity of medication distribution. Ultimately, these improvements contribute to bolstering patient safety and optimizing healthcare outcomes.
Results and Conclusion: Ensuring confidentiality at the chain code layer is achieved through user-specific access controls in Attribute-based access control (ABAC). To evaluate the framework's performance, the blockchain benchmarking tool, Hyperledger Caliper, quantifies crucial metrics such as transactions per second, transaction idleness, and asset usage. This process provides valuable insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of the system.
Keywords: Private Blockchain; Hyperledger fabric; Supply chain; Chain code; Access control

Introduction: In the world there are vulnerable groups that, due to social, economic and geographic conditions, do not have access to podiatric care; Ecuador is not immune to that. Therefore, the authors aim to improve podiatric care in vulnerable groups in the province of Guayas.
Materials and Methods: For this research we carried out a systematic review and data sources from different databases were consulted for the study such as: Pubmed, Science Direct; Scielo and Lilacs. The participants were vulnerable groups from the province of Guayas, Ecuador.
This is a mixed research, which is based on the dialectical-materialist conception for the application of theoretical method in obtaining and processing information for research.
Results: In the province of Guayas, Ecuador, there are vulnerable groups that face specific challenges that make podiatric care and other public health services impossible.
Conclusions: Improve podiatric care in vulnerable groups in the province of Guayas, Ecuador, given the social and human responsibility in the application of technological health procedures in that area of knowledge, pediatric treatment and rehabilitation of breech conditions and provide thus quality attention in services.
Keywords: podiatric care; vulnerable groups; technological health procedures; communicable diseases; Guayas province; Ecuador

The article "The Oddities and Origins of Human Sexuality" sets out the concept of sexuality, which is quite popular in our time, based on the ideas of the biological approach and psychoanalysis. The author analyzes these ideas in terms of grounds and consequences. The main provisions of the article are opposed to other provisions. Man is not only a biological being, but also a social, psychological, semiotic, spiritual, cultural, that is, a multidimensional centaur. In addition to the biological plane, evolution contains a socio-cultural plan. Love and sexuality are a cultural, historical and psychological phenomenon, in the formation and development of which such factors as the change of culture, types of individuality and personality, the nature of semiosis (sign systems, schemes, works of art) play an important role. However, criticism of the article "The Oddities and Origins of Human Sexuality" does not mean a desire to ban the ideas expressed in it. The presence in modern culture of different channels of socialization and ways of life, liberal democratic values and institutions presuppose, as Kant wrote, freedom in expressing one's opinions and beliefs.
Keywords: love; sexuality; person; personality; culture; semiosis; understanding; interpretation; approach; thinking

Prior to the collapse (which had yet to take place when this was written), there existed a critical supply/demand dynamic that was bringing the medical system in the UK to its knees, and the situation in the USA wasn’t too far behind. Costs were out of control and the COVIDians put the last nail in the coffin of the scared physician/patient relationship while attempting to impose centralized totalitarian control over all things medical. The captured three letter agencies were weaponized against the American people. Physicians allowed themselves to, at best, become irrelevant while a few vanguard physicians, who stood by their oaths, were murdered, silenced and often delicensed, de-certified and stricken off the registrar, all because they did not follow a false narrative in lock-step.

Delay is a major Quality of Service (QoS) metric in mission critical applications. Some applications run on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) set ups which comes with transmission challenges arising from the size of traffic packets and environmental conditions. These challenges cause transmission delays, packet loss and hence a degraded network performance. This study investigated the performance of: Earliest Deadline First (EDF); Low Latency Queueing (LLQ) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduling algorithms in MANETs.

Firstly, the study investigated the Abhaya pre-emptive EDF scheduler. The study improved and adopted EDF algorithm to the MANETs environment, and formulated the Enhanced Earliest Deadline First-I and II (EEDF-I & EEDF-II) algorithms respectively. The numerical results showed that the EEDF-II model shortened the waiting times of packets of the different queues at various system loads compared with the EEDF-I model.

Secondly, the study adopted and improved the existing model to LLQ algorithm in the M/G/1 queue system. The numerical results revealed that the proposed algorithm performed better than the adopted in transmitting video packets. The study extended further the proposed LLQ algorithm to formulate the Extended Low Latency Queuing algorithm (ELLQ). The numerical results revealed that the video packets experienced the least conditional mean response time/slowdown; followed by voice packets and lastly text packets.

Thirdly, the study enhanced and studied the Existing (EWRR) service strategy; and then proposed an Improved (IWRR) model in the M/G/1 queue system under varying workloads distributions. The numerical results showed that video packets performed poorly compared to voice packets in the EWRR algorithm.

In conclusion, we studied three algorithms namely: EDF, LLQ & WRR, and proposed three novel variants i.e., EEDF-II, ELLQ plus IWRR for MANETs.