PriMera Scientific Medicine and Public Health (ISSN: 2833-5627) - Article In Press

Individuals choose a domain for instruction and practice based on their preferences, abilities, and financial capabilities.

In the healthcare sector, each person dedicates time and effort to acquiring expertise in their specific area. Continuous knowledge improvement and skill enhancement are essential for confidently meeting job requirements. This journey of learning and development brings pleasure and worth.

In clinical practice, collaborative work with partners/collaborators, customers and their families, and other community members is critical for business stability and growth, career advancement, and personal life improvement. How they transfer their knowledge to clients, apply the principles of fair cooperation, build and extend their relationships with others, share their presence, and align with social norms depicts their life trajectory.

Introduction: This study aims to identify factors associated with household drinking water treatment in the peri-urban area of Bumba.
Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 households between July and November 2023. Data were collected via an administered questionnaire and an observation guide, while frequencies, odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval were calculated. A downward logistic regression analyzed the associated factors.
Results: The results show that only 23.9% of households practice water treatment at home. This practice is more likely (p<0.05) when water comes from an unimproved source (aOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.29-0.78), when households have a favorable attitude towards water treatment (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.65-8.43) and when they have good knowledge about drinking water (aOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.25-4.68).
Conclusion: In conclusion, household water treatment is low in Bumba and depends on source quality, household knowledge and attitudes. Promoting this practice is essential to prevent diarrheal diseases in areas with limited access to drinking water.
Keywords: Analysis; bumba; determinant; drinking water; peri-urban environment; home treatment

Introduction: The objective of this study was to observe biomedical waste management practices in health care facilities in the City of Kisangani and to identify factors associated with effective biomedical waste management.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytical aim was carried out among 422 professionals and managers of health care establishments in Kisangani and was conducted from June 15 to August 15, 2024 in secondary and tertiary care establishments of the city. Data collection was done through direct observations and questionnaires administered to health personnel. Frequencies and crude odds ratios (ORb) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the associations between certain factors and biomedical waste management.
Results: The results of this study show that the majority of healthcare providers have insufficient knowledge on the definition of biomedical waste management (BMWM), with 93.6% of them reporting not knowing it, and 64.5% have not been trained on MBWM. Among the trained providers, the majority (68.7%) received the training more than 36 months ago. In addition, 69.7% of providers do not apply biomedical waste sorting, and 78.2% do not have WHO recommended codified waste bags.
The infrastructure available for waste management is also inadequate, with 71.8% of providers reporting the presence of a non-functional incinerator, 71.3% indicating the presence of a functional placenta pit, ash pit and glass crusher, 69% reporting the presence of non-functional hand hygiene stations, and 77% citing the unavailability of means of transporting biomedical waste.
Finally, analysis of associated factors shows that the availability of functional incinerators (OR = 4.3; p < 0.000), placenta, ash pits and functional glass crushers (OR = 0.03; p < 0.000), means of waste transport (OR = 5.6; p < 0.000), and hand hygiene stations (OR = 0.12; p < 0.000) are strongly associated with better management of biomedical waste in health care facilities.
Conclusion: This study showed insufficient management of biomedical waste in health care facilities in the city of Kisangani. Interventions aimed at strengthening staff capacities and investing in infrastructure are necessary.
Keywords: Observational study; management; biomedical waste; health care establishments; City of Kisangani. Tshopo; DRC

Introduction: Depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) are significant affective states that substantially influence both the psychological and physiological state of an individual. Acquiring a nuanced understanding of the emotional landscape of working professionals within a community is important in enhancing societal progression. Daily, factors like age, gender, occupational roles, and marital status play a paramount role in affecting mental health parameters. Therefore, a thorough grasp of the relationship between demographic and psychological factors is essential.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 203 working individuals of Suryabinayak municipality. The data was collected using the DASS-42 questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS and presented in tables.
Result: The findings revealed diverse levels of DAS within the participants. The mean score was found to be 9.42 for depression, 8.70 for anxiety, and 12.72 for stress among the participants. For depression levels, 123 individuals fall within the normal range, 25 mild, 34 moderate, 12 severe, and 9 extremely severe, underscoring the presence of serious cases that may require intervention. In terms of anxiety, 109 individuals fall within the normal range, 12 experience mild anxiety, 48 moderate, 14 severe, and 20 extremely severe levels, highlighting individuals facing considerable anxiety challenges. For Stress levels, 138 falls in the normal range, 25 experience mild, 26 moderate, 12 severe, and 2 extremely severe, reflecting a range of stress management needs. This study also examines the prevalence of DAS based on gender, occupation, age, and marital status, revealing important differences among these factors in detail.
Conclusion: Although the majority of people fall within the normal range of the DAS scale and don’t experience significant DAS symptoms, a considerable proportion still needs various kinds of mental health support like counseling, stress management, and self-care sessions.
Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Stress; DASS; Gender; Occupation; Age; Marital Status; Suryabinayak; Bhaktapur

A 37 year old educated lady with a BMI of 34 and history of (H/O) 7 days prior caesarean section, presented in ER of Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital (IGMH), Maldives .She was comparatively well until the 2nd post operative day (POD) but then developed dyspepsia and discomfort and its gradually increasing and 5th day of operation, abdomen becomes distended with pain. Initial scanning reveals intra-abdominal mild to moderate collection with no obvious hemorrhage or luminal perforation. As hemodynamic status was static, it was treated conservatively, but for pain compile with Fever, distension and frequent hypoglycaemia came in sight thus she shifted for better management in tertiary centre (IGMH&DH) on 7th POD. Immediate base line screening reveals tender, distended abdomen , Fever, mild resp distress, severe hypoalbuminaemia with features of sepsis and intraabdominal thick collection, minimal pleural and pericardial effusion. Exploratory laparotomy through Mid midline incision performed and reveals foul smelling thick collection in multiple location of peritoneal cavity. Drainage and cleansing had been done with wide drain tube. Patient shifted in critical care unit with Albumin, antibiotics and other logistic cares. On the 10th POD, the patient was discharged with stable health parametres of life.

Medicine has constantly advanced over periods, considered by cultural practices, scientific discoveries, and technological advancements. From the herbal remedies of traditional medicine to the innovative techniques of modern-day advanced medicine, healthcare approaches have dramatically transformed to address a rising range of diseases. Traditional medicine, with its roots in ancient healing practices, continues to be an essential part of global healthcare, specifically in many developing countries. Meanwhile, contemporary medicine represents the basis of modern healthcare, combining scientific research, pharmaceuticals, and surgical interventions to treat and manage diseases. In recent years, advanced medicine has emerged, driven by cutting-edge technologies such as gene therapy, regenerative medicine, enzyme replacement therapy and personalized treatments. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by offering more precise, effective, and targeted therapies. Understanding the distinctions, advancements, and approaches within each system of medicine provides a comprehensive view of how healthcare is evolving in the modern world.
Keywords: Healthcare, contemporary medicine, traditional medicine, regenerative medicine, advanced medicine, pharmaceuticals