PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 8 Issue 2

Multiple Sclerosis and Integrative Innovative Approaches in Science

Christina Rahm*

August 04, 2026

View PDF

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurological disorder characterized by demyelination, axonal injury, and progressive functional decline. Although disease-modifying therapies reduce relapse rates and radiologic disease activity, many patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive impairment, pain, and mood disturbances. These limitations highlight that immune suppression alone does not fully address the complexity of MS pathology.

MS involves interconnected mechanisms including neuroinflammation, immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and early neurodegeneration. The disease is multifactorial, influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors such as vitamin D deficiency and Epstein-Barr virus exposure. Current pharmacologic therapies improve outcomes but are less effective for chronic symptoms, carry potential risks, and show variability in patient response, particularly in progressive disease forms.

Due to these challenges, interest has grown in adjunctive, multi-component interventions targeting inflammatory, metabolic, oxidative, and gut-brain pathways. The reviewed patented protocol proposes six formulations administered alongside standard care, categorized functionally as antioxidant support, anti-inflammatory compounds, micronutrient replenishment, microbiome modulation, metabolic enhancement, bioenergetic support, neurotransmission modulation, and detoxification mechanisms. Proposed components include NAD+ for mitochondrial support, Mucuna pruriens for dopaminergic modulation, and clinoptilolite zeolite for potential detoxification support. While mechanistically plausible and supported by preclinical or associative evidence, optimal dosing and synergistic effects remain insufficiently studied.

Evidence for the protocol currently includes limited case-based observation, which cannot establish efficacy due to methodological limitations. Controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate safety, biomarkers, and functional outcomes. Ethical integration requires transparent patient guidance, careful safety consideration, and scientific rigor.

Overall, the proposed nutraceutical framework is presented as hypothesis-generating rather than an established treatment. While biologically plausible, it requires rigorous clinical investigation before conclusions regarding therapeutic benefit or disease modification can be made.

References

  1. Barberio B., et al. “Dietary interventions and oral nutritional supplementation in inflammatory bowel disease: Current evidence and future directions”. Nutrients 17.11 (2025): 1879.
  2. Benedict RHB., et al. “Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: clinical management, MRI, and therapeutic avenues”. The Lancet Neurology 19.10 (2020): 860-871.
  3. Campagnoli LIM., et al. “New therapeutic avenues in multiple sclerosis: Is there a place for gut microbiota-based treatments?”. Pharmacological Research 209 (2024): 107456.
  4. Carlberg C and Mycko MP. “Linking Mechanisms of Vitamin D Signaling with Multiple Sclerosis”. Cells 12.19 (2023): 2391.
  5. Cimino J and Braun C. “Design a Clinical research Protocol: Influence of Real-World setting”. Healthcare 11.16 (2023): 2254.
  6. Cuppen JJM and Savelkoul HFJ. “Immune Delay, Beyond Immune Evasion, as a Driver of Pathogen Propagation Competence Through Neutrophil Dysregulation, to be Mitigated by Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (LF-EMF)”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27.1 (2025): 143.
  7. Dash UC., et al. “Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: Mechanisms and implications”. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 15.1 (2025): 15-34.
  8. Ee C., et al. “An integrative collaborative care model for people with mental illness and physical comorbidities”. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 14.1 (2020): 83.
  9. García-Domínguez M. “White Matter in crisis: Oligodendrocytes and the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis”. Cells 14.18 (2025): 1408.
  10. Garton T., et al. “Neurodegeneration and demyelination in multiple sclerosis”. Neuron 112.19 (2024): 3231-3251.
  11. Grosu C., et al. “The role of nutrition and physical activity in modulating disease progression and quality of life in multiple sclerosis”. Nutrients 17.16 (2025): 2713.
  12. Hajeer S., et al. “Association between vitamin D deficiency and multiple sclerosis- MRI significance: A scoping review”. Heliyon 9.5 (2023): e15754.
  13. Jason LA and Bobak T. “Using systems theory to improve intervention outcomes”. Professional Psychology Research and Practice 53.4 (2022): 415-422.
  14. Javanbakht P., et al. “Quercetin as a possible complementary therapy in multiple sclerosis: Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and remyelination potential properties”. Heliyon 9.11 (2023): e21741.
  15. Mavaddatiyan L, Khezri S and Froushani SMA. “Molecular effects of curcumin on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis”. Veterinary Research Forum (2021).
  16. Nemati MH., et al. “Microbiota-Driven Mechanisms in Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and biomarker potential”. Biology 14.4 (2025): 435.
  17. Nguyen KHH., et al. “Human immune system: Exploring diversity across individuals and populations”. Heliyon 11.2 (2025): e41836.
  18. Puri V., et al. “A Comprehensive review on Nutraceuticals: therapy support and formulation challenges”. Nutrients 14.21 (2022): 4637.
  19. Qin P, Sun Y and Li L. “Mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases (Review)”. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53.5 (2024).
  20. Rajabi M., et al. “Primary Progressive multiple sclerosis: new therapeutic approaches”. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports 45.3 (2025): e70039.
  21. Sadee W., et al. “Pharmacogenomics: Driving Personalized Medicine”. Pharmacological Reviews 75.4 (2023): 789-814.
  22. Shi M., et al. “Multiple sclerosis: An overview of epidemiology, risk factors, and serological biomarkers”. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2024.1 (2024).
  23. Shirol S, Subramaniam K and Ziemssen T. “A review of the impact of platform therapies (DMTs) on associated clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 18 (2025): 6939-6954.
  24. Stoiloudis P., et al. “The Role of Diet and Interventions on Multiple Sclerosis: A Review”. Nutrients 14.6 (2022): 1150.
  25. Thomas OG, Rickinson A and Palendira U. “Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: moving from questions of association to questions of mechanism”. Clinical & Translational Immunology 12.5 (2023): e1451.
  26. Wan Y., et al. “Current advances and future trends of hormesis in disease”. NPJ Aging 10.1 (2024): 26.
  27. Yusri K., et al. “The role of NAD+ metabolism and its modulation of mitochondria in aging and disease”. NPJ Metabolic Health and Disease 3.1 (2025): 26.
  28. Zaigham SB and Paeng D. “Effects of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. and Levodopa in Improving Parkinson’s Disease in Rotenone Intoxicated Mice”. Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46.8 (2024): 9234-9244.