PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 8 Issue 2

Medical Review of Genetics and Associated Topics

Christina Rahm*

August 04, 2026

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Abstract

Genes are fundamental units of DNA that determine the traits and biological characteristics of an organism. They contain the instructions that guide growth, development, and normal physiological function. Genes operate primarily by encoding proteins and other molecules essential for cellular structure, energy production, reproduction, and regulation. Each gene is composed of a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides, and the precise order of these nucleotides determines the gene’s function. When genetic mutations occur, normal gene function may be disrupted, potentially leading to a variety of health conditions (Malebary et al., p. 11). These mutations may arise spontaneously or be inherited from one or both parents. Genetic disorders can have profound effects on individuals and families, ranging in severity from mild conditions to life-threatening diseases. While some genetic disorders are present at birth, others may develop later in life.

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