PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 8 Issue 1

How Functional Ingredients Support Health and Wellness in Companion Animals A Scientific White Paper

Christina Rahm*

July 21, 2026

DOI : 10.56831/PSSRP-08-300

Abstract

This scientific white paper explores how functional nutritional ingredients contribute to the health, resilience, and longevity of dogs and cats. Rather than focusing only on basic nutrient requirements, the paper highlights how specific bioactive compounds influence immune function, oxidative balance, digestion, structural integrity, and metabolic health at cellular and molecular levels.

Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, and E, along with trace minerals including zinc, selenium, and magnesium, play essential roles in immune regulation and metabolic processes. Adequate intake supports enzyme activity, cellular signaling, and immune responsiveness, helping maintain physiological balance and reduce vulnerability to illness.

Antioxidants help counteract oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, which can damage tissues and contribute to inflammation and chronic disease. Nutritional antioxidants support cellular integrity, immune stability, and healthy aging, particularly in animals exposed to environmental stressors or inflammatory conditions.

Omega-3 fatty acids influence immune signaling, gene expression, and inflammatory pathways. Their inclusion in companion animal nutrition is associated with support for skin health, joint function, cardiovascular balance, and overall immune regulation through mechanisms that promote balanced inflammatory responses.

Dietary fibers and prebiotics play a central role in gastrointestinal health by shaping the gut microbiome, improving stool quality, and strengthening intestinal barrier integrity. Research demonstrates that these ingredients support immune function through microbial interactions and the production of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids.

Flavonoids, tannins, and other plant compounds contribute antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity. These phytonutrients influence immune signaling pathways, metabolic health, and detoxification processes, supporting a holistic approach to nutritional wellness in companion animals.

Structural nutrients such as collagen and silicon-containing compounds support connective tissue strength, skin integrity, and joint stability. These components may aid mobility and recovery by maintaining the physical framework that supports movement and resilience.

The paper emphasizes that nutrition plays a significant role in chronic disease prevention. Functional ingredients may help regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance, all of which influence long-term health outcomes and quality of life in companion animals.

Functional ingredients provide a science-based framework for supporting whole-body health in companion animals. Vitamins and minerals build the biochemical foundation of immune and metabolic activity, antioxidants help maintain oxidative balance, fatty acids regulate inflammation, fibers support gut health, phytonutrients offer additional protective effects, and structural nutrients contribute to connective tissue strength. Together, these nutritional strategies highlight the growing role of evidence-based functional nutrition in veterinary wellness and preventive care.

References

  1. Amaral AR., et al. “Connection between nutrition and oncology in dogs and cats: Perspectives, evidence, and implications—a comprehensive review”. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11 (2025): 1490290.
  2. Barroso C, Fonseca AJ and Cabrita AR. “Vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients as modulators of canine immune function: A literature review”. Veterinary Sciences 11.12 (2024): 655.
  3. Bodur M., et al. “Immunomodulatory effects of Omega-3 fatty acids: Mechanistic insights and health implications”. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 69.10 (2025): e202400752.
  4. Byrne L and Murphy RA. “Relative bioavailability of trace minerals in production animal nutrition: A review”. Animals 12.15 (2022): 1981.
  5. de Araújo Júnior AMC., et al. “Evaluation of collagen supplements to reduce the occurrence of orthopedic injuries in trained foals”. International Journal of Equine Science 4.1 (2025): 81-90.
  6. EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)., et al. “Re-evaluation of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its re-evaluation as a food additive for uses in foods for all population groups”. EFSA Journal 22.10 (2024): e8880.
  7. Fritsch DA., et al. “A prospective multicenter study of the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea”. BMC Veterinary Research 18.1 (2022): 244.
  8. Holz M., et al. “Effects of dietary cellulose on clinical and gut microbiota recovery in dogs with uncomplicated acute diarrhea: A randomized prospective clinical trial”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 263.2 (2025): 169-177.
  9. Hoskin DW and Coombs MRP. “Immune modulation by flavonoids”. Frontiers in Immunology 13 (2022): 899577.
  10. Longobardi C., et al. “Ochratoxin A and kidney oxidative stress: The role of nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine—a review”. Toxins 14.6 (2022): 398.
  11. Mavrogeni ME., et al. “Direct action of non-digestible oligosaccharides against a leaky gut”. Nutrients 14.21 (2022): 4699.
  12. Montserrat-Malagarriga M., et al. “The impact of fiber source on digestive function, fecal microbiota, and immune response in adult dogs”. Animals 14.2 (2024): 196.
  13. Raju MD, Mishra MJ and Bisoi MD. Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy. AG Publishing House (AGPH Books) (2022).
  14. Stoia M and Oancea S. “Low-molecular-weight synthetic antioxidants: Classification, pharmacological profile, effectiveness and trends”. Antioxidants 11.4 (2022): 638.
  15. Sultanayeva L., et al. “Tannins and flavonoids as feed additives in the diet of ruminants to improve performance and quality of the derived products: A review”. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 29.3 (2023).
  16. Tuohy K., et al. “Prebiotics in food and dietary supplements: A roadmap to EU health claims” (2024).
  17. Zhang J., et al. “Grain-free diets for dogs and cats: An updated review focusing on nutritional effects and health considerations”. Animals 15.14 (2025): 2020.