Abstract
Senile dementia represents a complex neurodegenerative condition driven by multiple overlapping biological mechanisms, including amyloid-β deposition, tau pathology, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Because of this multifactorial nature, therapeutic strategies have increasingly shifted away from single-target pharmacology toward integrated, formulation-driven approaches. This white paper examines evolving treatment methodologies that combine traditional pharmacological agents, disease-modifying biologics, advanced drug-delivery technologies, nutraceutical interventions, hormonal and psychiatric symptom management, and non-pharmacological care models.
Current pharmacological therapies, including cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, remain foundational but demonstrate limitations when used alone. Advances in formulation science, such as transdermal, intranasal, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems, aim to improve central nervous system penetration, bioavailability, and tolerability while reducing systemic adverse effects. Disease-modifying therapies targeting amyloid and tau proteins highlight a transition toward pathophysiological treatment, though challenges related to timing, safety, and brain penetration persist.
Nanotechnology and multimodal delivery platforms represent a significant area of innovation, enabling targeted drug transport across the blood-brain barrier and supporting sustained therapeutic release. Complementary strategies incorporating herbal, nutraceutical, and traditional medicine models are also explored, particularly when enhanced by modern formulation technologies that improve stability and absorption. In addition, management of psychiatric symptoms, hormonal influences, and individualized non-pharmacological care strategies contribute to a more comprehensive therapeutic framework.
Overall, the findings emphasize that successful dementia management relies on multimodal, person-centered interventions that integrate biological targeting with advanced formulation science. Future therapeutic development will likely depend on collaborative approaches that combine pharmacology, delivery innovation, and holistic care strategies to address the complexity of senile dementia.
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