PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 7 Issue 3

Advances in Transdermal Patch Technology: Design Principles, Optimization Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential in Hypertension

R Nepolean, K Chandramohan, V Prabu Kanna*, D Anbarasu and S Sivasankari

March 02, 2026

DOI : 10.56831/PSSRP-07-253

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Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic heart disease that requires a course of therapeutic drugs; however, traditional oral antihypertensive agents often face constraints related to non optimal adherence to medication, variable pharmacokinetics, and strong first pass hepatic bio-transformation. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have become a patient centric option that is able to provide a sustained and controlled delivery of drugs, as well as maintain stable plasma levels, and reduce the number of doses. This review states the latest advances in transdermal patches technology which are specifically designed to control hypertension and it focuses on history of the advancement, design principle of the core, the polymer used, the modes of permeability promotion, and optimization of the formulations. Modern technologies such as microneedle delivery, incorporation of nanocarriers into matrices and stimuli responsive polymers have significantly extended the range of antihypertensive drugs to which transdermal delivery can be applied. In vitro and in vivo techniques of analyzing mechanical integrity, release kinetics, dermal permeation and therapeutic efficacy are discussed. In addition, it discusses some of the new directions like combinatory patches, biosensor based intelligent systems, and AI assisted formulation design, thus showing how TDDS can enable patient specific, effective, and efficient treatment of hypertension.

Keywords: Smart drug delivery systems; controlled drug delivery; hypertension; Transdermal patches; permeation enhancers

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