PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Comprehensive Review

Volume 7 Issue 3

A Comprehensive Review of Modified release dosage forms and its Formulation Approaches, In-Vitro Characterizations, and Pharmaceutical Applications

R Nepolean, K Chandramohan, K Rajkumar*, D Anbarasu and S Sivasankari

March 02, 2026

DOI : 10.56831/PSSRP-07-252

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Abstract

Modified release dosage forms are designed in order to control the release of the drug, optimize the pharmacokinetic profiles and the adherence of patients in comparison to conventional immediate release systems. This review defines the historical evolution, categorization and formulation strategies of these technologies ranging from hydrophilic and hydrophobic matrix systems to reservoir based designs, osmotic mechanisms and gastroretentive approaches. It focuses on how the polymer properties, solubility of the drug and the kinetic pathway affect the controlled release of therapeutics. In vitro evaluation methodologies such as dissolution profiling in biorelevant media, mathematical modelling, swelling erosion assessment, morphological characterization and stability evaluation are discussed to demonstrate the use of such methodologies to predict in vivo performance. Pharmaceutical application, throughout chronic disease management and site specific delivery, emphasizes the therapeutic benefit of MR systems in the long lasting plasma concentration, decreasing the number of administrations as well as ensuring safety. Emerging trends such as smart responsive materials, AI assisted formulation design and 3D printing are presented as future directions for personalized modified release dosage therapies.

Keywords: Modified release dosage forms; Matrix technology; Osmotic delivery; Gastroretentive systems; controlled drug release

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