PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 7 Issue 3

Modern Perspectives on Niosomal Drug Delivery: Technological Progress, Mechanisms of Action, and Biomedical Applications

R Nepolean, K Chandramohan, A Vignesh*, D Anbarasu and S Sivasankari

March 02, 2026

DOI : 10.56831/PSSRP-07-249

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Abstract

Niosomal drug delivery systems have become versatile drug nanocarriers because of its structural flexibility, physicochemical stability, cost effectiveness and capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutic agents. It composed of mainly of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol, niosomes provide controlled release of the drugs, improved bioavailability and better pharmacokinetic profiles as compared to conventional delivery systems. This is a critical analysis of the technological development of niosomes focusing on the most important physicochemical and biopharmaceutical variables that modulate the stability of the vesicle, the loading of the drug, the biodistribution and the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation. Advances in formulation strategies such as one such approach: microfluidic fabrication, surface functionalization, stimuli-responsive designs, and hybrid architectures, have greatly increased their biomedical uses in the fields of oncology, dermatology, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, gene and vaccine delivery. Mechanistic understandings of cellular uptake, barrier penetration, and control release are pointed out. In spite of some significant progress, there are still challenges concerning long term stability, large scale manufacturing, and harmonizing regulations. Future combination of Quality by Design, artificial intelligence, and continuous manufacturing is likely to facilitate clinical translation of niosomal nanomedicines.

Keywords: Niosomes; Nanotechnology; Controlled drug delivery system; Stimuli-responsive systems; Biomedical applications

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