PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 5 Issue 4

The Effects of Heavy Metals on Living Organisms

Shafa Karimova*

March 25, 2025

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Abstract

The study was conducted on fish. My research on fish: their current state, the role of environmental factors in their development, and the study of negative factors affecting their development were given priority.

In the early stages of toxicosis, the body color may be lighter than normal due to the disappearance of black pigment. The most severe signs of toxicosis are shrunken scales or the appearance of ulcers on the body. It is known that all changes in body color are clearly related to the amount of heavy metals in the fish's body. It should be noted that when water is polluted, the skin, gills, and digestive system of the fish are damaged first; then, through the blood, toxicants spread to the muscles, skeleton, liver, kidneys, and gonads. The organs for the main "extraction" of toxic substances from the body are the liver and kidneys, that is, the most harmful substances accumulate in them and morphological anomalies are more noticeable.

Keywords: Heavy metals; fish; Nakhchivan fauna; pathology

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