PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Research Article

Volume 4 Issue 5

Correlation Between Anthropometric Indices and Components of Metabolic Syndrome Among Sub-Saharan Black African Adolescents: Gender Differentiation

Bamgboye M Afolabi*, Susan J Holdbrooke, Oluseye O Onabanjo, Adeola Olukosi, Islamiat O Salau, Abimbola Adedeji, Mercy T Sanni, Rita N Edeh and Fatimoh Giwa

October 30, 2024

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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate independent and dual association of body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile and waist circumference (WC) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among sub-Saharan Black African boys and girls.

Materials and Methods: A total of 624 boys and girls aged 10-19 years were included in the study. Study participants were measured for BMI-for-age percentile, WC, Systolic blood pressure (SBP), impaired or diabetic fasting blood sugar (FBS) level and elevated levels of total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Results: There was a significant variance (P-value=0.003) in the median BMI-for-age percentile among boys without (n=207; 23.8) and boys with (n=34; 44.2) MetS. This difference was more pronounced (P-value=0.00001) among girls without (n=365; 64.8) and those with (n=18; 82.9) MetS. A notable difference in WC (P-value=0.0004) was observed among girls without and with MetS. Positive and significant correlations between BMI-for-age percentile and SBP were noted among boys (r= +0.37, P-value<0.00001) and girls (r= +0.23, P<0.00001) without MetS, though the correlation was insignificant but still stronger among boys (r= +0.29, P-value=0.09) than girls (r= +0.11, P=0.68) with MetS. The correlation between WC and SBP was only significant among boys with MetS (r= +0.34, P-value<0.049). Stronger, negative and significant correlations were observed between BMI-for-age-percentile and FBG among girls (r= -0.67, P=0.002 for girls) than among boys (r= -0.42, P-value=0.01 for boys). Also stronger, negative and significant correlations existed between WC and FBG among girls (r= -0.62, P=0.006) than among boys (r= -0.39, P-value=0.02). Among those with MetS, the correlation between WC and TChol was stronger, positive and significant among girls (r= +0.54, P-value=0.02) but negative and insignificant among boys (r= -0.16, P-value=0.36). Both BMI-for-age percentile and WC were responsible for significant changes in FBS mostly among girls (R2=0.49, F-ratio=7.29, P-value=0.006) than among boys (R2=0.20, F-ratio=3.94, P-value=0.03).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that, elevated SBP BMI and WC may contribute more to MetS among boys while Diabetes, BMI and WC may do so among girls in Black Africa. There appears to be different interplay between these components of MetS through different mechanisms among boys and girls.

Keywords: Black African Adolescents; Body Mass Index; Sex; Metabolic Syndrome; Sub-Saharan; Waist circumference

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