PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Review Article

Volume 2 Issue 6

The Epidemiological Effect of RSV on the Community

Nemat Khansari*

November 15, 2023

DOI : 10.56831/PSSRP-02-073

View PDF

Abstract

Respiratory viral infections are caused by a diverse group of viruses, including influenza A and B viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2, respiratory syncytial virus, and human rhinovirus.  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common and highly contagious virus that affects the lower respiratory tract and can lead to severe illness in infants, young children, and older adults. After more than 60 years of research for developing an efficient vaccine against this single-stranded virus, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently recommended two newly developed RSV vaccines, RSVPreF3OA (Arexvy) by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo) by Pfizer. Both vaccines are approved to be administered as a single dose for ages 60 and older but Abrysvo is for those between 32 to 36 weeks of pregnancy to help protect their newborns.  According to a CDC report, there are no substantial differences between these two vaccines and both were 80 to 90 percent effective in reducing RSV illness during the first season after vaccination. This article will discuss the epidemiological effects of RSV in the community, focusing on its prevalence, transmission, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies.

Keywords: RSV; Vaccine; Infection; Immunity; Prevention

References

  1. Groothuis JR, Gutierrez KM and Lauer BA. “Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia”. Pediatrics 82 (1988): 199-203.  
  2. Piedimonte G and Perez MK. “Respiratory Syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis”. Virology 35 (2014): 519-529.
  3. Madhi SA., et al. “Increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1”. J. Pediatr 137 (2000): 78-84.
  4. Wright PF., et al. “Illness severity, viral shedding, and antibody responses in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus”. J. Infect. Dis 185 (2002): 1011-1018.
  5. Thompson WW., et al. “Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States”. JAMA 289 (2003): 179-186.
  6. Nair, H., et al. “Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Lancet 375 (2010): 1545-1555.
  7. Rudraraju R., et al. “Respiratory syncytial virus: current progress in vaccine development”. Viruses 5 (2013): 577-594.
  8. CDC Reports on RSV vaccination recommendations (2023).
  9. Kuehni CE, Spycher BD and Silverman M. “Causal links between RSV infection and asthma: no clear answers to an old question”. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179 (2009): 1079-80.
  10. Holt PG and Sly PD. “Interactions between RSV infection, asthma, and atopy: unraveling the complexities”. J. Exp. Med 196 (2002): 1271-1275.
  11. Pratt MTG., et al. “Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 6 (2022): 555-570.
  12. Otomaru H., et al. “Risk of Transmission and Viral Shedding from the Time of Infection for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Households”. Am J Epidemiol 190 (2021): 2536-2543.
  13. Moore HC., et al. “Modeling the seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus in young children”. PLoS One 9 (2014): e100422.
  14. Xu YZ., et al. “Utilization of recombinase polymerase amplification method combined with lateral flow dipstick for visual detection of respiratory syncytial virus”. Mol. Cell Probes 49 (2020): 1014-1023.
  15. Mooney K, Melvin M and Douglas T. “Ribavirin: the need for exposure precautions”. Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs 18 (2014): E93-96.
  16. Garegnani L., et al. “Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children”. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 11 (2021): 1375-1380.
  17. Patel K., et al. “Respiratory syncytial virus-A dynamics and the effects of lumicitabine, a nucleoside viral replication inhibitor, in experimentally infected humans”. J. Antimicrob. Chemother 74 (2019): 442-452.
  18. Kampmann B., et al. “Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccine in Pregnancy to Prevent RSV Illness in Infants”. N. Engl. J. Med 388 (2023): 1451-1464.
  19. Walsh EE., et al. “Efficacy and Safety of a Bivalent RSV Prefusion F Vaccine in Older Adults”. N. Engl. J. Med 388 (2023): 1465-1477.
  20. Papi A., et al. “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults”. N. Engl. J. Med 388 (2023): 595-608.
  21. Paramore LC., et al. “Economic impact of respiratory syncytial virus-related illness in the US: an analysis of national databases”. Pharmaco Economics 22 (2004): 275-284.