PriMera Scientific Surgical Research and Practice (ISSN: 2836-0028)

Case Report

Volume 2 Issue 5

Surgical Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with Retrosternal Extension: A Case Report with Review of Literature

Monalisa Banerjee, Shehnaz Kantharia and Rajesh Kantharia*

October 20, 2023

DOI : 10.56831/PSSRP-02-067

Abstract

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma is derived from parafollicular C-cells that normally secretes peptide hormones such as calcitonin, serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptides and thus it is widely accepted as a neuroendocrine tumor. MTC usually has a good prognosis with a 10 years survival rate of approximately 95.6% in cases restricted to the thyroid gland, but reduces to 40% for those presenting with metastasis. Surgery is considered the primary and best modality of treatment in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Here we present a case of a successful surgical management of a 38 year old female patient of sporadic, medullary thyroid carcinoma with sub sternal extension of the disease.

Keywords: MTC; Sporadic; Total Thyroidectomy; Sub-Sternal Extension

References

  1. Wells SA Jr., et al. “Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of Rodrigo Arrangoiz”. American Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Remedy Publications 6 (2015): 567-610.
  2. Priya R, Virmani N and Dabholkar JP. “Medullary carcinoma of thyroid: Case report and a review of literature”. Journal of Head & Neck Physicians and Surgeons 4.2 (2016): 80.
  3. Stamatakos M., et al. “Medullary thyroid carcinoma: The third most common thyroid cancer reviewed”. Oncol Lett 2 (2011): 49-53.
  4. Nikiforova MN and Nikiforov YE. “Molecular genetics of thyroid cancer: implications for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis”. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 8.1 (2008): 83-95.
  5. Sippel RS, Kunnimalaiyaan M and Chen H. “Current management of medullary thyroid cancer”. The oncologist 13.5 (2008): 539-47.
  6. Jaquet J. “Ein Fall von metastasierenden Amyloidtumoren (Lymphosarkom)”. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 185 (1906): 251-268.
  7. Hazard JB, Hawk WA and Crile G Jr. “Medullary (solid) carcinoma of the thyroid; a clinicopathologic entity”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 19 (1959): 152-161.
  8. Liu Z., et al. “Antiproliferative effects of Src inhibition on medullary thyroid cancer”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 (2004): 3503-9.
  9. Cakir M and Grossman AB. “Medullary thyroid cancer: Molecular biology and novel molecular therapies”. Neuroendocrinology 90 (2009): 323-48.
  10. de Groot JW., et al. “Determinants of life expectancy in medullary thyroid cancer: Age does not matter”. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65 (2006): 729-36.
  11. Rodrigo Arrangoiz., et al. “Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Literature Review and Current Management”. J Clin Endocrinal and Diabetes (2018).
  12. Bugalho MJ, Santos JR and Sobrinho L. “Preoperative diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma: fine needle aspiration cytology as compared with serum calcitonin measurement”. J Surg Oncol 91.1 (2005): 56-60.
  13. Kudo T., et al. “Diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma by calcitonin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens”. Thyroid 17.7 (2007): 635-8.
  14. Bhanot P., et al. “Role of FNA cytology and immunochemistry in the diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid carcinoma: report of six cases and review of the literature”. Diagn Cytopathol 35.5 (2007): 285-92.
  15. Jennifer ER., et al. Thyroid - Medullary. American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manuel Ed. Amin M. Springer International Publishing.
  16. Gaudin PB and Rosai J. “Florid vascular proliferation associated with neural and neuroendocrine neoplasms. A diagnostic clue and potential pitfall”. Am J Surg Pathol 19.6 (1995): 642-52.
  17. Cohen R., et al. “Preoperative calcitonin levels are predictive of tumor size and postoperative calcitonin normalization in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Groupe d'Etudes des Tumeurs a Calcitonine (GETC)”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85.2 (2000): 919-22.
  18. Chen H., et al. “The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors: pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, and medullary thyroid cancer”. Pancreas 39.6 (2010): 775-83.
  19. Zenaty D., et al. “Medullary thyroid carcinoma identified within the first year of life in children with hereditary multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (codon 634) and 2B”. Eur J Endocrinol 160.5 (2009): 807-13.
  20. Call JA., et al. “A role for radiotherapy in the management of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma: the mayo clinic experience”. Rare Tumors 5.3 (2013): 37.
  21. Terezakis SA., et al. “Role of external beam radiotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent nonanaplastic thyroid cancer: Memorial Sloan-kettering Cancer Center experience”. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73.3 (2009): 795-801.