PriMera Scientific Medicine and Public Health (ISSN: 2833-5627)

Review Article

Volume 5 Issue 5

Advancements in Pancreatic Cancer Management: From Epidemiology to Emerging Therapies

Abiy Tereda*

October 30, 2024

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Abstract

Pancreatic cancer represents a formidable challenge in modern oncology due to its dismal prognosis and substantial global burden. This comprehensive review examines the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment modalities, prognosis, and emerging therapies in pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological data reveal a concerning rise in incidence rates, particularly among younger cohorts and certain demographic groups. Known risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and family history are explored alongside emerging associations including changes in gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. Molecular pathways implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis, including DNA adduct formation and genetic mutations such as KRAS, p53, and BRCA, are elucidated. The complex tumor microenvironment and stromal interactions are discussed, emphasizing their role in disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, staging systems, and challenges in early detection are outlined, followed by an overview of current treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care. Prognostic factors and survival rates based on stage and treatment are analyzed, along with predictive biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response. Emerging therapies and research directions, including precision medicine and immunotherapy, are explored, alongside considerations for quality of life, survivorship, and psychosocial support. The article concludes with a summary of key findings, implications for clinical practice and research, and future perspectives for pancreatic cancer management and treatment.

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